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Bolosauria ✝

Description

Bolosauridae is an extinct family of ankyramorph parareptiles known from the latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) to the early Guadalupian epoch (latest Roadian stage) of North America, China, Germany, Russia and France. The bolosaurids were unusual for their time period by being bipedal, the oldest known tetrapods to have been so. Their teeth suggest that they were herbivores. The bolosaurids were a rare group and died out without any known descendants. The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic position of the Bolosauridae, from Johannes Müller, Jin-Ling Li and Robert R. Reisz, 2008.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9320389https://www.gbif.org/species/9320389
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)324115https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=324115
Rankorder (GBIF)
unranked clade (PBDB)
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Bolosauria
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassParareptiliaOlson 1947
orderBolosauria
Scientific NameBolosauria
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Bolosauriaorderbelongs to Cotylosauriastated with evidenceKuhn, 1966
Bolosauriaunranked cladebelongs to Parareptiliastated with evidenceModesto et al., 2015
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)21
First Recorded Appearance304 - 299 Ma
Carboniferous
Last Recorded Appearance268 - 252 Ma
Permian
Environmentterrestrial (based on Amniota)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)S. P. Modesto, D. M. Scott, and M. J. MacDougall, H.-D. Sues, D. C. Evans, R. R. Reisz. 2015. The oldest parareptile and the early diversification of reptiles. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282:20141912
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolosauria

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Bolosauridae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
20304 Ma
Carboniferous
268 Ma
Permian
Erpetonyx
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1304 Ma
Carboniferous
304 Ma
Carboniferous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1959Bolosauria Kuhn
1966Bolosauria Kuhn p. 18
2015Bolosauria Modesto et al. p. 3

References

Modesto S. P., Scott D. M., et al (2015) The oldest parareptile and the early diversification of reptiles, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282, 20141912
Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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