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Cycadales
| Description | Cycadales is an order of seed plants that includes all the extant cycads. These plants typically have a stout and woody (ligneous) trunk with a crown of large, hard and stiff, evergreen leaves. They usually have pinnate leaves. The individual plants are either all male or all female (dioecious). Cycads vary in size from having trunks only a few centimeters to several meters tall. They typically grow very slowly and live very long, with some specimens known to be as much as 1,000 years old. Because of the superficial resemblance, they are sometimes confused with and mistaken for palms or ferns, but are only distantly related to either. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycadales, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | order | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Plantae : Cycadophyta : Cycadopsida : Cycadales | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Cycadales | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 10 (13%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 290 - 279 Ma Permian | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | S. V. Meyen. 1984. Basic features of gymnosperm systematics and phylogeny as evidenced by the fossil record. Botanical Review 50(1):1-111 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycadales |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beaniaceae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 38 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Crossozamiaceae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cycadaceae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 99 | 290 Ma Permian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Dirhopalostachyaceae ✝ family | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Nilsoniaceae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Zamiaceae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 47 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Anthrophyopsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Apoldia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 14 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 156 Ma Jurassic | |
| Archaeocycas genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aricycas ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | |
| Baierella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bjuvia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bucklandia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 16 | 201 Ma Early Jurassic | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | |
| Calamopsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cavamonocolpites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Cladophlebidium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ctenis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ctenophyllum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadeomyelon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadinocarpus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadocaulum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadopteris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cycadospadix genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dioonites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dioonitocarpidium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eucommiidites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 135 | 242 Ma Middle Triassic | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Glossozamites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Jeanpaulia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Keraiaphyllum genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mesosingeria ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 152 Ma Late Jurassic | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Microzamia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nilsonia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 986 | 272 Ma Permian | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Osmundites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Phyllopteroides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 145 Ma Late Jurassic | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Pseudoctenis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 212 | 290 Ma Permian | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
 Pseudocycas ✝genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 46 | 174 Ma Middle Jurassic | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Ptilophyllum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 355 | 237 Ma Middle Triassic | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | |
| Ptilozamites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhipidopsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Schizopodium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sewardia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sinoctenis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sphaereda genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sueria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zamites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 383 | 252 Ma Permian | 48.6 Ma Eocene | |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1829 | Cycadales Dumortier p. 65 |
| 1941 | Cycadales MacGinitie |
| 1984 | Cycadales Meyen p. 89 |
| 2001 | Cycadales Doweld p. iii |
| 2008 | Cycadales Taylor et al. p. 1028 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
