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Rhynchotherium ✝

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Description

Rhynchotherium is an extinct genus of proboscidea endemic to North America and Central America during the Miocene through Pliocene from 13.650—3.6 Ma, living for approximately 10 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhynchotherium, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7994842	https://www.gbif.org/species/7994842
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	43256	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43256

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Rhynchotherium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

doubtful

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Afrotheria	Stanhope et al. 1998
-	Tethytheria	McKenna 1975
order	Proboscidea
suborder	Elephantiformes	Tassy 1988
-	Elephantimorpha	Tassy and Shoshani 1997
-	Elephantida	Tassy and Shoshani 1997
superfamily	Gomphotherioidea	Hay 1922
family	Gomphotheriidae	Hay 1922
genus	Rhynchotherium	Falconer 1868

Scientific Name

Rhynchotherium Falconer, 1868

Name Published In

Pal. Mem., 2

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Falconer, 1868
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Shoshani and Tassy, 1996
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Rhynchotheriini	stated without evidence	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated with evidence	Lambert and Shoshani, 1998
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Rhynchotheriinae	stated without evidence	Shoshani and Tassy, 2005
Rhynchotherium	genus	belongs to Gomphotheriidae	stated without evidence	Corona-M and Alberdi, 2006

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

23.0 - 11.6 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

2.59 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

browser, grazer

Ecospace Comments

browser based on tooth height (Webb 1983) but mixed feeder based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhynchotherium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Blickotherium blicki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	23.0 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Dibelodon andium ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Dibelodon praecursor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mastodon euhyphodon ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhynchotherium anguirvale ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhynchotherium edense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhynchotherium falconeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	10.3 Ma Miocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Rhynchotherium francisi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhynchotherium simpsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1868	Rhynchotherium Falconer
1884	Dibelodon Cope
1933	Aybelodon Frick
1933	Blickotherium Frick
1980	Rhynchotherium Kurten and Anderson p. 346
1988	Rhynchotherium Carroll

Year	Name and Author
1996	Rhynchotherium Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997	Rhynchotherium McKenna and Bell p. 502
1998	Rhynchotherium Lambert and Shoshani p. 612
2005	Rhynchotherium Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2
2006	Rhynchotherium Corona-M and Alberdi p. 359
2019	Rhynchotherium Albright et al. p. 193

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Shoshani J., Tassy P. (1996) Summary, conclusions, and a glimpse into the future, in J. Shoshani and P. Tassy, eds., The Proboscidea: Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives, 335-348

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Lambert W. D., Shoshani J. (1998) Proboscidea, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 606-621

Shoshani J., Tassy P. (2005) Advances in proboscidean taxonomy & classification, anatomy & physiology, and ecology & behavior, Quaternary International 126-128, 5-20

Corona-M E., Alberdi M. T. (2006) Two new records of Gomphotheriidae (Mammalia: Proboscidea) in southern México and some biogeographic implications, Journal of Paleontology 80 2, 357-366

Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

NZ cross ref or inferred from publ. title - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Pal. Mem., 2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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