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Biwaella ✝

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Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7609359	https://www.gbif.org/species/7609359
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	988	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=988

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Schubertellidae : Biwaella

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Foraminifera : Schubertellidae : Biwaella

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Rhizaria
phylum	Retaria	Cavalier-Smith 1999
phylum	Foraminifera
suborder	Fusulinina	(Fursenko 1958)
superfamily	Fusulinoidea
family	Schubertellidae	Skinner 1931
genus	Biwaella	Morikawa & Isomi 1960

Scientific Name

Biwaella Morikawa & Isomi, 1960

Name Published In

Morikawa, R.; Isomi, H. (1960). A new genus Biwaella, Schwagerina-like Schubertella. Science Reports of Saitama University, ser. B. 3(3): 301-305.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Biwaella	genus	belongs to Schwagerininae	stated with evidence	Leven and Shcherbovich, 1978
Biwaella	genus	belongs to Biwaellidae	stated with evidence	Leven, 1992
Biwaella	genus	belongs to Foraminiferida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Biwaella	genus	belongs to Schubertellidae	stated with evidence	Davydov, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

304 - 299 Ma
Carboniferous

Last Recorded Appearance

279 - 260 Ma
Permian

Motility

stationary (based on Foraminifera)

Diet

omnivore (based on Foraminifera)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Fusulinina)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Biwaella americana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	296 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Biwaella bellula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella borealis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella complana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella cylindrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella ellipsoidalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	296 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Biwaella europaea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	296 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Biwaella explicata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella fusiformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella ganchaoshanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella guangxiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella guizhouensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella huabeiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella inopinata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella lingchuanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella occultans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella omiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	299 Ma Carboniferous	290 Ma Permian
Biwaella perplena species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella poletaevi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Biwaella pulchra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella shanxiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella shimenyaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella subcylindrica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella takahashii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		4	290 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Biwaella tieliekensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella tshelamtshiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella tumefacta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella ushigiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella zhenanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biwaella zhikalyaki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1978	Biwaella Leven and Shcherbovich p. 87
1992	Biwaella Leven p. 70
2002	Biwaella Forke p. 222
2002	Biwaella Sepkoski, Jr.
2011	Biwaella Davydov p. 188

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Leven E. Y., Shcherbovich S. F. (1978) , Fuzulinidy i Stratigrafiya Assel'skogo Yarusa Darvaza, 1-163

Leven E. J. (1992) Fusulinids, in Perm' Darvaz-Zaalayskoy zony Pamira: fusulinidy, ammonoidei, stratigrafiya, Rossiyskaya Akademiya Nauk, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 253, 64-109

Forke H. C. (2002) Biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of uppermost Carboniferous/Lower Permian sediments in the southern Alps: fusulinoidean and conodont faunas from the Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy), Karavanke Mountains (Slovenia), and southern Urals (Russia), Facies 47, 201-275

Davydov V. I. (2011) Taxonomy, nomenclature, and evolution of the early schubertellid fusulinids, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56, 181-194

Morikawa, R.; Isomi, H. (1960). A new genus Biwaella, Schwagerina-like Schubertella. Science Reports of Saitama University, ser. B. 3(3): 301-305. - via World Register of Marine Species

Loeblich, A. R.; Tappan, H. (1987). Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 970pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Nov 2016). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sci. Rep. Saitama Univ. 3B - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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