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Amphisbaenidae

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Description

The Amphisbaenidae, common name worm lizards, are a family of amphisbaenians, a group of limbless vertebrates.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphisbaenidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5682	https://www.gbif.org/species/5682
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37971	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37971

Rank

family (GBIF)
unranked clade (PBDB)

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Amphisbaenidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
infraorder	Amphisbaenia	Gray 1844
-	Amphisbaeniformes	Longrich et al. 2015
family	Amphisbaenidae

Common Name

worm lizard

Scientific Name

Amphisbaenidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Ophiosauri	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Lacertae	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Sauria	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Lacertilia	stated without evidence	McGrew et al., 1959
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	stated without evidence	Seiffert, 1975
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	stated with evidence	Estes, 1983
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Annulata	implied	Carroll, 1988
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Amphisbaenidae	unranked clade	belongs to Amphisbaenoidea	stated with evidence	Kearney, 2003
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	stated without evidence	Head, 2005
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Squamata	implied	Böhme, 2008
Amphisbaenidae	family	belongs to Amphisbaenia	implied	Böhme, 2010
Amphisbaenidae	unranked clade	belongs to Amphisbaeniformes	stated with evidence	Longrich et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

20 (65%)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Amphisbaenia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Amphisbaenids, Tropical Worm Lizards, Worm Lizard

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphisbaenidae

External Images

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Rhineurinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Amphisbaena genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ancyclocranium genus	listed (PBDB)	Sharp-snouted Worm Lizards			0 Ma Extant
Ancylocranium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	King's Worm Lizards			0 Ma Extant
Aulura genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Barbour's Worm Lizards			0 Ma Extant
Baikia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	West African Worm Lizards			0 Ma Extant
Blanus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Bronia genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Brazilian Worm Lizards			0 Ma Extant
Campinosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Chirindia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Crythiosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Cynisca genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dalophia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Geocalamus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Leposternon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lestophis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	50.3 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Listromycter ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Lophocranion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Loveridgea genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Macrorhineura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	30.8 Ma Oligocene	30.8 Ma Oligocene
Mesobaena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Monopeltis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zygaspis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lophocranian rusingense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1865	Amphisbaenidae Gray
1871	Amphisbaenidae Cope p. 237
1875	Amphisbaenidae Cope p. 20
1898	Amphisbaenidae Gadow p. 27
1902	Amphisbaenidae Hay p. 476
1946	Amphisbaenidae Kuhn p. 61
1959	Amphisbaenidae McGrew et al. p. 136
1961	Amphisbaenidae Young p. 118
1966	Amphisbaenidae Kuhn p. 69

Year	Name and Author
1975	Amphisbaenidae Seiffert p. 10
1983	Amphisbaenidae Estes
1988	Amphisbaenidae Carroll
1996	Amphisbaenidae Frank and Ramus
2003	Amphisbaenidae Kearney
2005	Amphisbaenidae Head
2008	Amphisbaenidae Böhme p. 169
2010	Amphisbaenidae Böhme p. 26
2015	Amphisbaenidae Longrich et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

McGrew P. O., Berman J. E., et al (1959) The geology and paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117 3, 117-176

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Seiffert J. (1975) Upper Jurassic lizards from central Portugal, Contribuição para o conhecimento da Fauna do Kimerridgiano da Mina de Lignito Guimarota (Leiria, Portugal). Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, Memória (Nova Série) 22, 7-85

Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Kearney M. (2003) Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from Recent and fossil forms, Herpetological Monographs 17, 1-74

Head J. J. (2005) Authorizor opinion, Jason Head.

Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183

Böhme M. (2010) Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate, Paläontologische Zeitschrift 84 1, 3-41 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4

Longrich N. R., Vinther J., et al (2015) Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction, Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 282, 20143034 doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034

Kearney, Maureen, 2003: Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs, vol. 17. 1-74. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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