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Phalangeridae

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Description

The Phalangeridae are a family of mostly nocturnal marsupials native to Australia, New Guinea and Eastern Indonesia, including the cuscuses, brushtail possums, and their close relatives. Considered a type of possum, most species are arboreal, and they inhabit a wide range of forest habitats from alpine woodland to eucalypt forest and tropical jungle. Many species have been introduced to various non-native habitats by humans for thousands of years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalangeridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5459	https://www.gbif.org/species/5459
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40120	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40120

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Diprotodontia : Phalangeridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Theriamorpha
-	Theriiformes
-	Trechnotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Cladotheria	McKenna 1975
-	Boreosphenida
subclass	Theria	Parker and Haswell 1897
subclass	Metatheria
-	Marsupialia
-	Australidelphia	Szalay 1982
order	Diprotodontia	Owen 1866
suborder	Phalangeriformes	Szalay 1982
family	Phalangeridae	Thomas 1888

Scientific Name

Phalangeridae

Name Published In

Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.126

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Diprotodontia	stated without evidence	Flower and Lydekker, 1891
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Marsupialia	stated without evidence	Lydekker, 1894
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Phalangeroidea	stated with evidence	Pocock, 1921
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Diprotodontia	implied	Nowak, 1991
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Phalangeriformes	stated with evidence	Springer et al., 1994
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Phalangeroidea	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Phalangeridae	family	belongs to Phalangerida	stated without evidence	Munemasa et al., 2006

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

25 (76%)

First Recorded Appearance

28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Mammalia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore, insectivore

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Theria)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level

Common Name(s)

Brushtail Possums, Cuscuses, Possums And Cuscuses, Klätterpungdjur

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalangeridae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ailuropinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Phalangerinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		3	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ailurops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Balantia genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Palaeopetaurus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Phalanger genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cuscus	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Phascolaretus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Spilocuscus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Strigocuscus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Trichosurus genus	listed (PBDB)	Brushtail Possum	26	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Trichosurus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Wyulda ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Phalangistidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Diprotodontia : Phalangistidae
Phalangistina	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Diprotodontia : Phalangistina

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Phalangistina Gray p. 339
1888	Phalangeridae Thomas
1891	Phalangeridae Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1894	Phalangeridae Lydekker p. 258
1921	Phalangeridae Pocock p. 607
1991	Phalangeridae Nowak
1994	Phalangeridae Springer et al. p. 86
1997	Phalangeridae McKenna and Bell
2006	Phalangeridae Munemasa et al. p. 189

References

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Lydekker R. , A Hand-Book to the Marsupialia and Monotremata, 1-302

Pocock R. I. (1921) The External Characters of the Koala (Phascolarctos) and some related Marsupials, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 91 3, 591-607 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1921.tb03283.x

Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

Springer M. S. Y., Westerman M., et al (1994) Relationships among orders and families of marsupials based on 12S ribosomal DNA sequences and the timing of the marsupial radiation, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 2 2, 85-115

Munemasa M., Nikaido M., et al (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of diprotodontian marsupials based on complete mitochondrial genomes, Genes & Genetic Systems 81 3, 181-191

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997). Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nowak, Ronald M., 1991: null. Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.. 1629. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Aronsson, M. (2016) Exceldokument: Främmande arter grunddata.xls Skapat 2016-10-25 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Roskov, Y. et al. (2017) Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 30th July 2015. Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858. http://www.catalogueoflife.org - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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