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Borophagus secundus ✝

Description

Borophagus secundus ("devouring glutton") is an extinct species of the genus Borophagus of the subfamily Borophaginae, a group of canids endemic to North America from the Early Miocene epoch (23.0 Mya) through the Late Miocene epoch (5.3 Mya). Borophagus secundus existed for approximately 17.7 million years.


From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borophagus_secundus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4970170https://www.gbif.org/species/4970170
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)44603https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=44603
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Borophagus secundus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Borophagus secundus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
superfamilyCanoideaSimpson 1931
familyCanidaeFischer 1817
subfamilyBorophaginaeSimpson 1945
tribeBorophaginiSimpson 1945
subtribeBorophaginaWang et al. 1999
genusBorophagusCope 1892
speciesBorophagus secundusVanderHoof 1931
Generic NameBorophagus
Scientific NameBorophagus secundus (VanderHoof, 1931)
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Borophagus secundusspeciesbelongs to Borophagusstated without evidenceVanderHoof, 1931
Borophagus secundusspeciesbelongs to Osteoborusstated with evidenceStirton and VanderHoof, 1933
Borophagus secundusspeciesbelongs to Osteoborusstated without evidenceVanderHoof and Gregory, 1940
Borophagus secundusspeciesbelongs to Borophagusstated with evidenceWang et al., 1999
Borophagus secundusspeciesbelongs to Borophagusstated without evidenceTseng and Geisler, 2016
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance5.33 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Borophagus)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)V. L. VanderHoof. 1931. Borophagus littoralis From the Marine Tertiary of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 21(2):15-24
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borophagus_secundus

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Hyaenognathus cyonoides (Martin, 1928)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Hyaenognathus cyonoides
Borophagus cyonoides (Martin, 1928)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Borophagus cyonoides
Hyaenognathus direptor (Matthew, 1924)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Hyaenognathus direptor
Osteoborus cyonoides (Martin, 1928)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Osteoborus cyonoides
Osteoborus secundus (VanderHoof, 1931)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Osteoborus secundus
Borophagus direptor (Matthew, 1924)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Borophagus direptor
Osteoborus direptor (Matthew, 1924)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : Osteoborus direptor

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1924Hyaenognathus direptor Matthew
1928Hyaenognathus cyonoides Martin p. 235
1930Borophagus cyonoides Matthew and Stirton
1931Borophagus cyonoides VanderHoof
1931Borophagus secundus VanderHoof
1932Borophagus cyonoides Reed and Longenecker
1933Osteoborus cyonoides Stirton and VanderHoof p. 177
1933Osteoborus direptor Stirton and VanderHoof p. 177
1933Osteoborus secundus Stirton and VanderHoof p. 178
1935Borophagus cyonoides Bode
1936Osteoborus cyonoides Hesse
1937Osteoborus cyonoides Johnston
1939Osteoborus cyonoides Johnston
1940Osteoborus secundus VanderHoof and Gregory
1941Osteoborus cyonoides Stirton
1944Osteoborus cyonoides McGrew
1948Osteoborus cyonoides Macdonald
YearName and Author
1969Osteoborus cyonoides Dalquest
1977Osteoborus secundus Skinner et al.
1979Osteoborus cyonoides Bennett
1979Osteoborus cyonoides Richey
1979Osteoborus direptor Richey
1979Osteoborus secundus Richey
1980Osteoborus cyonoides Dalquest and Mooser p. 3
1980Borophagus direptor Kurten and Anderson p. 165
1983Osteoborus cyonoides Harrison
1984Osteoborus cyonoides Webb and Perrigo
1990Osteoborus cyonoides Schultz
1998Osteoborus cyonoides Miller and Carranza-Castaneda
1998Osteoborus cyonoides Munthe
1998Osteoborus secundus Munthe
1999Borophagus secundus Wang et al.
2016Borophagus secundus Tseng and Geisler p. 2 figs. Table 1

References

VanderHoof V. L. (1931) Borophagus littoralis From the Marine Tertiary of California, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 21 2, 15-24
Matthew W. D. (1924) Third contribution to the Snake Creek Fauna, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 50, 59-210
Martin H. T. (1928) Two new carnivores from the Pliocene of Kansas, Journal of Mammalogy 9 3, 233-236
Stirton R. A., VanderHoof V. L. (1933) Osteoborus, a New Genus of Dogs, and Its Relations to Borophagus Cope, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 23 4, 175-181
Bode F. D. (1935) The Fauna of the Merychippus Zone, North Coalinga District, California, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 453 6, 65-96
VanderHoof V. L., Gregory J. T. (1940) A review of the genus Aelurodon, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 25 3, 143-164
Skinner M. F., Skinner S. M., et al (1977) Stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of late Cenozoic deposits in central Sioux County, western Nebraska, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 158 5, 263-370
Bennett D. K. (1979) The Fossil Fauna From Lost And Found Quarries (Hemphillian: Latest Miocene), Wallace County, Kansas, Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 79, 1-24
Dalquest W. W., Mooser O. (1980) Late Hemphillian mammals of the Ocote local fauna, Guanajuato, Mexico, Pearce-Sellards Series 32, 1-25
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Harrison J. A. (1983) The Carnivora of the Edson local fauna (late Hemphillian), Kansas, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 54, 1-42
Webb S. D., Perrigo S. C. (1984)  Late Cenozoic Vertebrates from Honduras and El Salvador, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4 2, 237-254
Schultz G. E. (1990) Stop 16: Late Hemphillian faunas of the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of parts of northwestern Texas and eastern New Mexico; Guidebook - Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 104-111
Munthe K. (1998) Canidae, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 124-143
Wang X., Tedford R. H., et al (1999) Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243, 1-392
Tseng Z. J., Geisler J. H. (2016) The First Fossil Record of Borophagine Dogs (Mammalia, Carnivora) from South Carolina, U.S.A., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 2, e1062022 doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1062022
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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