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Arctodus pristinus

Description

The short-faced bear (Arctodus sp.) is an extinct bear genus that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene epoch from about 1.8 Mya until 11,000 years ago. It was the most common early North American bear and was most abundant in California. There are two recognized species: Arctodus pristinus and Arctodus simus, with the latter considered to be one of the largest known terrestrial mammalian carnivores that has ever existed. It has been hypothesized that their extinction coincides with the Younger Dryas period of global cooling commencing around 10,900 BC.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4970116https://www.gbif.org/species/4970116
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)44276https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=44276
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Arctodus : Arctodus pristinus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Arctodus : Arctodus pristinus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)doubtful
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-UrsidaTedford 1976
superfamilyUrsoideaFischer de Waldheim 1817
familyUrsidaeGray 1825
subfamilyTremarctinaeMerriam and Stock 1925
genusArctodusLeidy 1854
speciesArctodus pristinusLeidy 1854
Generic NameArctodus
Scientific NameArctodus pristinus Leidy, 1854
Name Published InLeidy, Joseph. 1854. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 90.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Arctodus pristinusspeciesbelongs to Arctodusstated without evidenceLeidy, 1854
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic
Last Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore, carnivore (based on Ursidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Leidy. 1854. [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, June 6th, 1854]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7:89-90
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctodus_pristinus

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Ursus haplodon (Cope, 1896)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Arctodus : Ursus haplodon
Arctodus haplodon (Cope, 1896)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae : Arctodus : Arctodus haplodon

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1854Arctodus pristinus Leidy p. 90
1860Arctodus pristinus Leidy p. 115
1895Ursus haplodon Cope
1896Ursus haplodon Cope p. 383
1902Arctodus haplodon Hay p. 763
1902Arctodus pristinus Hay p. 763
1938Arctodus haplodon Gidley and Gazin
1980Arctodus pristinus Kurten and Anderson p. 180
2019Arctodus pristinus Albright et al. p. 175

References

Leidy J. [Abstract of remarks made before a meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, June 6th, 1854], Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, 89-90
Leidy J. Description of Vertebrate Fossils, Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South-Carolina, 99-122
Cope E. D. New and Little Known Mammalia from the Port Kennedy Bone Deposit, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 48, 378-394
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Gidley J. W., Gazin C. L. (1938) The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland, United States National Museum Bulletin 171, 1-99
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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