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Didymictis ✝

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Description

Didymictis is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammals known from the late Paleocene and early Eocene (Tiffanian-Gardnerbuttean NALMA) of North America. This genus in the family Viverravidae contains five species.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didymictis, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833690	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833690
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40973	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40973

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverravidae : Didymictis

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Viverravidae : Didymictis

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
family	Viverravidae	Wortman and Matthew 1899
genus	Didymictis	Cope 1875

Scientific Name

Didymictis Cope, 1875

Name Published In

Syst. Cat. Vert. Eocene N. Mexico, 5

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Creodonta	stated with evidence	Cope, 1875
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Miacidae	stated with evidence	Cope, 1880
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Miacidae	stated without evidence	Cope, 1880
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Miacidae	stated with evidence	Scott, 1892
Didymictis	genus	subjective synonym of Viverravus	implied	Wortman and Matthew, 1899
Didymictis	genus	subjective synonym of Viverravus	stated without evidence	Wortman, 1901
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1909
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Simpson, 1937
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Matthew, 1937
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Didymictidae	stated with evidence	Flynn and Galiano, 1982
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Didymictidae	stated without evidence	Polly, 1997
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin, 2005
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Rose et al., 2012
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated with evidence	Solé et al., 2014
Didymictis	genus	belongs to Viverravidae	stated without evidence	Albright et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

61.7 - 56.8 Ma
Paleocene

Last Recorded Appearance

46.2 - 40.4 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Viverravidae)

Ecospace Comments

terrestrial rather than scansorial and "may have been incipiently cursorial" (Gebo and Rose 1993)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1875. Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didymictis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Didymictis altidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	24	55.8 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Didymictis dellensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	18	61.7 Ma Paleocene	56.8 Ma Paleocene
Didymictis haydenianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	19	63.3 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Didymictis leptomylus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	50	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Didymictis proteus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	34	61.7 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Didymictis vancleveae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	50.3 Ma Eocene	50.3 Ma Eocene
Limnocyon protenus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	132	56.8 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1875	Didymictis Cope p. 4
1880	Didymictis Cope
1892	Didymictis Scott p. 318
1909	Didymictis Matthew
1915	Didymictis Matthew and Granger
1937	Didymictis Matthew
1937	Didymictis Simpson
1982	Didymictis Flynn and Galiano p. 24
1997	Didymictis Polly

Year	Name and Author
1998	Didymictis Flynn
2005	Didymictis Wesley-Hunt and Werdelin p. 842
2006	Didymictis Polly et al. p. 1023
2011	Didymictis Tomiya p. 16
2012	Didymictis Rose et al.
2012	Didymictis Zack
2014	Didymictis Solé et al.
2019	Didymictis Albright et al. p. 168

References

Cope E. D. , Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army, 5-37

Cope E. D. On the supposed Carnivora of the Eocene of the Rocky Mountains, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences (separate), 1-4

Cope E. D. On the genera of the Creodonta, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19, 76-82

Scott W. B. A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44, 291-323

Matthew W. D. (1909) The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9, 289-567

Matthew W. D., Granger W. (1915) A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34 1, 1-103

Matthew W. D. (1937) Paleocene faunas of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 30, 1-510

Flynn J. J., Galiano H. (1982) Phylogeny of early Tertiary Carnivora, with a description of a new species of Protictis from the middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2725, 1-64

Polly P. D. (1997) Ancestry and Species Definition in Paleontology: A Stratocladistic Analysis of Paleocene-Eocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Wyoming, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30 1, 1-53

Flynn J. J. (1998) Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea"), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 110-123

Wesley-Hunt G. D., Werdelin L. (2005) Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 4, 837-846

Polly P. D., Wesley-Hunt G. D., et al (2006) Earliest known carnivoran auditory bulla and support for a recent origin of crown-group Carnivora (Eutheria, Mammalia), Palaeontology 49 5, 1019-1027

Tomiya S. (2011) A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans, PLoS ONE 6 9, e24146 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146

Rose K. D., Chew A. E., et al (2012) Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36, 1-122

Solé F., Smith R., et al (2014) Dental and tarsal anatomy of 'Miacis' latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 1-21

Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Syst. Cat. Vert. Eocene N. Mexico, 5 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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