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Cynarctoides

Description

Cynarctoides is an extinct genus of the Borophaginae subfamily of canids native to North America. It lived from the Early Oligocene to the Middle Miocene, 33.3—13.6 Mya, existing for approximately 19.7 million years. Seven species are currently recognised, all of which are estimated to have weighed no more than 1 kilogram (2.2 lb). They had an unusual dentition that implies an omnivorous, or possibly even herbivorous, diet.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4833531https://www.gbif.org/species/4833531
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)41205https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41205
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Cynarctoides
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
superfamilyCanoideaSimpson 1931
familyCanidaeFischer 1817
subfamilyBorophaginaeSimpson 1945
tribePhlaocyoniniWang et al. 1999
genusCynarctoidesMcGrew 1938
Scientific NameCynarctoides McGrew, 1938
Name Published InField Mus. Publ., Geol. Ser., 6
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Cynarctoidesgenusbelongs to Procyonidaestated with evidenceMcGrew, 1938
Cynarctoidesgenusbelongs to CanidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Cynarctoidesgenusbelongs to Phlaocyoninistated with evidenceWang et al., 1999
Cynarctoidesgenusbelongs to Phlaocyoninistated without evidenceWang and Tedford, 2008
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)9
First Recorded Appearance30.8 - 26.3 Ma
Oligocene
Last Recorded Appearance16.0 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore, omnivore (based on Canidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)P. O. McGrew. 1938. Dental morphology of the Procyonidae with a description of Cynarctoides, gen. nov. Geological Series, Field Museum of Natural History 6(22):323-339
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynarctoides

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Canis lemur
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
630.8 Ma
Oligocene
24.8 Ma
Oligocene
Cynarctoides emryi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
220.4 Ma
Miocene
20.4 Ma
Miocene
Cynarctoides gawnae
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
223.0 Ma
Miocene
20.4 Ma
Miocene
Cynarctoides luskensis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
430.8 Ma
Oligocene
24.8 Ma
Oligocene
Cynarctoides whistleri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
220.4 Ma
Miocene
20.4 Ma
Miocene
Cynarctus acridens
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4730.8 Ma
Oligocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Nothocyon roii
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
930.8 Ma
Oligocene
30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Pachycynodon harlowi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
124.8 Ma
Oligocene
24.8 Ma
Oligocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1938Cynarctoides McGrew p. 324
1988Cynarctoides Carroll
1999Cynarctoides Wang et al. p. 49
2008Cynarctoides Wang and Tedford

References

McGrew P. O. (1938) Dental morphology of the Procyonidae with a description of Cynarctoides, gen. nov., Geological Series, Field Museum of Natural History 6 22, 323-339
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Wang X., Tedford R. H., et al (1999) Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 243, 1-392
Wang X., Tedford R. H. (2008) Fossil dogs (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Sespe and Vaqueros formations in Southern California, with comments on relationships of Phlaocyon taylori, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 41, 255-272
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Field Mus. Publ., Geol. Ser., 6 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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