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Desmostylidae ✝

Description

Desmostylidae is an extinct family of herbivorous marine mammals belonging to the order of Desmostylia. They lived in the coastal waters of the northern Pacific Ocean from the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) through the Late Oligocene (Chattian) (33.9 mya—20 Mya) existing for approximately 13.9 million years.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4831533https://www.gbif.org/species/4831533
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)43291https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43291
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Desmostylidae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Desmostyloidea : Desmostylidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
orderPerissodactyla
orderDesmostyliaReinhart 1953
orderDesmostyloideaAbel 1933
familyDesmostylidaeOsborn 1905
Scientific NameDesmostylidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to Sireniastated without evidenceOsborn, 1905
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to Proboscideastated without evidenceAbel, 1919
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to Desmostyliformesstated without evidenceSimpson, 1932
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to Desmostyliastated without evidenceShikama, 1966
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to DesmostyliaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to Desmostyliastated without evidenceInuzuka et al., 1995
Desmostylidaefamilybelongs to Desmostyloideastated with evidenceMatsui and Tsuihiji, 2019
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)11
First Recorded Appearance33.9 - 28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Last Recorded Appearance11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene
Environmentcoastal (based on Desmostylia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Desmostylia)
Dietherbivore (based on Desmostylia)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Desmostylia)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Desmostylia)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Desmostylia)
Primary Reference (PBDB)H. F. Osborn. 1905. Ten years progress in the mammalian Palaeontology of North America. Extrait des Comptes rendus du 6e Congres international de Zoologie. Session de Berne 1904:86-113
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmostylidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Ashoroa
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
128.1 Ma
Oligocene
28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Cornwallius
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1130.8 Ma
Oligocene
28.1 Ma
Oligocene
Desmostylus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
10933.9 Ma
Oligocene
11.6 Ma
Miocene
Kronokotherium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
328.1 Ma
Oligocene
23.0 Ma
Miocene
Ounalashkastylus
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
123.0 Ma
Miocene
23.0 Ma
Miocene
Vanderhoofius
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Cornwalliidae GBIFfamilyAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cornwalliidae

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1905Desmostylidae Osborn p. 109
1915Desmostylidae Hay p. 385
1919Desmostylidae Abel p. 830
1932Desmostylidae Simpson p. 425
1937Desmostylidae VanderHoof p. 189
1941Desmostylidae Kretzoi p. 155
1942Desmostylidae VanderHoof p. 301
1957Desmostylidae Pronina p. 312
1959Desmostylidae Reinhart p. 65
1966Desmostylidae Shikama p. 156
1988Desmostylidae Carroll
YearName and Author
1995Desmostylidae Inuzuka et al. p. 524
1997Desmostylidae McKenna and Bell p. 375
2000Desmostylidae Inuzuka p. 93
2001Desmostylidae Barnes and Goedert p. 18
2002Desmostylidae Rice p. 232 figs. Table 1
2009Desmostylidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2011Desmostylidae Boessenecker p. 2
2017Desmostylidae Matsui p. 2
2018Desmostylidae Domning p. 251
2019Desmostylidae Matsui and Tsuihiji p. 10

References

Osborn H. F. (1905) Ten years progress in the mammalian Palaeontology of North America, Extrait des Comptes rendus du 6e Congres international de Zoologie. Session de Berne 1904, 86-113
Hay O. (1915) A contribution to the knowledge of the extinct sirenian Desmostylus hesperus Marsh, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 49, 381-397
Abel O. (1919) Die Stämme der Wirbeltiere, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Leipzig, 914 p.
Simpson G. G. (1932) Fossil Sirenia of Florida and the evolution of the Sirenia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 59 8, 419-503
VanderHoof V. L. (1937) A study of the Miocene sirenian Desmostylus, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 24 8, 169-262
Kretzoi M. (1941) Sirenavus hungaricus N. G. N. Sp., ein Neuer Prorastomide aus dem Mitteleozan (Lutetium) von Felsogallia in Ungarn, Annales Musei Nationalis Hungaricic Pars Mineralogica, Geologica et Palaeontologica 34, 146-156
VanderHoof V. L. (1942) An occurrence of the Tertiary marine mammal Cornwallius in lower California, American Journal of Science 240, 298-301
Pronina I. G. (1957) A new representative of Desmostylides Kronokotherium brevimaxillare gen. nov. sp. nov. from Miocene deposits at the Kamchatka Peninsula, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, NS 117, 310-312
Reinhart R. H. (1959) A review of the Sirenia and Desmostylia, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 36 1, 1-146
Shikama T. (1966) Postcranial skeletons of Japanese Desmostylia, Palaeontological Society of Japan Special Papers 12, 1-202
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Inuzuka N. (2000) Primitive late Oligocene desmostylians from Japan and Phylogeny of the Desmostylia, Bulletin of the Ashoro Museum of Paleontology 1, 91-123
Barnes L. G., Goedert J. L. (2001) Stratigraphy and paleoecology of Oligocene and Miocene desmostylian occurrences in Western Washington State, U.S.A., Bulletin of the Ashoro Museum of Paleontology 2, 7-22
Boessenecker R. W. (2011) Herpetocetine (Cetacea: Mysticeti) dentaries from the Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone of Central California, PaleoBios 30 1, 1-12
Matsui K. (2017) How can we reliably identify a taxon based on humeral morphology? Comparative morphology of desmostylian humeri, PeerJ 5, e4011 doi:10.7717/peerj.4011
Matsui K., Tsuihiji T. (2019) The phylogeny of desmostylians revisited: proposal of new clades based on robust phylogenetic hypotheses, PeerJ 7, e7430 doi:10.7717/peerj.7430
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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