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Cryptoclididae ✝

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Description

Cryptoclididae is a family of medium-sized plesiosaurs that existed from the middle Jurassic to the early Cretaceous period. They had long necks, broad and short skulls and densely packed teeth. They fed on small soft-bodied preys such as small fish and crustaceans.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoclididae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4821540	https://www.gbif.org/species/4821540
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38174	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38174

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Cryptoclididae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Cryptoclididae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
order	Sauropterygia	Owen 1861
-	Pistosauria
-	Plesiosauria
superfamily	Plesiosauroidea	Welles 1943
-	Cryptoclidia	Ketchum and Benson 2010
family	Cryptoclididae	Williston 1925

Scientific Name

Cryptoclididae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauria	stated with evidence	White, 1940
Cryptoclididae	family	subjective synonym of Plesiosauridae	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauroidea	stated with evidence	Brown, 1981
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauroidea	implied	Carroll, 1988
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauroidea	stated with evidence	Chatterjee and Small, 1989
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauroidea	stated without evidence	Bardet et al., 1991
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauria	stated without evidence	Carpenter, 1999
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Cryptocleidoidea	stated with evidence	O'Keefe, 2001
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauroidea	stated with evidence	Cruickshank and Fordyce, 2002
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Plesiosauroidea	stated without evidence	Gasparini et al., 2002
Cryptoclididae	family	belongs to Cryptoclidia	stated with evidence	Ketchum and Benson, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

183 - 165 Ma
Jurassic

Last Recorded Appearance

122 - 112 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Plesiosauria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Plesiosauria)

Diet

carnivore (based on Plesiosauria)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Plesiosauria)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Plesiosauria)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoclididae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Abyssosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	136 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	136 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Aristonectes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cimoliosaurus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Colymbosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cryptoclidus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Djupedalia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	152 Ma Late Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Kimmerosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	157 Ma Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Muraenosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	166 Ma Middle Jurassic	165 Ma Middle Jurassic
Pantosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Picrocleidus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	165 Ma Middle Jurassic	165 Ma Middle Jurassic
Spitrasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	152 Ma Late Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Tatenectes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Tricleidus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	183 Ma Early Jurassic	165 Ma Middle Jurassic
Vinialesaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Cryptocleididae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Cryptocleididae
Cryptoclidus aldingeri von Huene, 1932	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : *Cryptoclidus aldingeri*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1925	Cryptoclididae Williston
1932	Cryptoclidus aldingeri von Huene
1940	Cryptoclididae White p. 461
1946	Cryptoclididae Kuhn p. 59
1981	Cryptoclididae Brown p. 340
1988	Cryptoclididae Carroll
1989	Cryptoclididae Chatterjee and Small p. 199
1991	Cryptoclididae Bardet et al. p. 1346
1993	Cryptoclididae Gasparini and Spaletti p. 252

Year	Name and Author
1999	Cryptoclididae Carpenter p. 168 fig. 15
2001	Cryptoclididae O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20
2002	Cryptoclididae Cruickshank and Fordyce pp. 562-563
2002	Cryptoclididae Gasparini et al.
2008	Cryptoclididae Araujo et al. p. 24
2010	Cryptoclididae Ketchum and Benson p. 15 fig. 6
2011	Cryptoclididae Ketchum and Benson p. 126
2014	Cryptoclididae Benson and Druckenmiller figs. 2-3

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

White T. E. (1940) Holotype of Plesiosaurus longirostris Blake and classification of the plesiosaurs, Journal of Paleontology 14 5, 451-467

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Brown D. S. (1981) The English Upper Jurassic Plesiosauroidea (Reptilia) and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 35 4, 253-347

Chatterjee S., Small B. J. (1989) New plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica, Origin and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota, Geological Society Special Publication 47, 197-215

Bardet N., Mazin J. -M., et al (1991) Les Plesiosauria du Jurassique supérieur de la province de Kachchh (Inde), Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2, Mécanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'univers, Sciences de la Terre 313 11, 1343-1347

Gasparini Z., Spaletti L. (1993) First Callovian plesiosaurs from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina, Ameghiniana 30 3, 245-254

Carpenter K. (1999) Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior, Paludicola 2 2, 148-173

O'Keefe F. R. (2001) A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia), Acta Zoologica Fennica 213, 1-63

Cruickshank A. R. I., Fordyce R. E. (2002) A new marine reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: further evidence for a Late Cretaceous Austral radiation of cryptoclidid plesiosaurs, Palaeontology 45 3, 557-575

Gasparini Z., Bardet N., et al (2002) A new cryptoclidid plesiosaur from the Oxofrdian (Late Jurassic) of Cuba, Geobios 35, 201-211

Araujo R., Smith A. S., et al (2008) Alfred Leeds fossil vertebrate collection of the National Museum of Ireland - Natural History, Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 26, 17-32

Ketchum H. F., Benson R. B. J. (2010) Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses, Biological Reviews 85, 361-392 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00107.x

Ketchum H. F., Benson R. B. J. (2011) A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford CLay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids, Special Papers in Palaeontology 86, 109-129

Benson R. B. J., Druckenmiller P. S. (2014) Faunal turnover of marine tetrapods during the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition, Biological Reviews 89 1, 1-23 doi:10.1111/brv.12038

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

The Paleobiology Database (2010 version). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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