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Shastasaurus

Description

Shastasaurus ("Mt. Shasta lizard") is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the middle and late Triassic, and is the largest known marine reptile. Specimens have been found in the United States, Canada, and China.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4818004https://www.gbif.org/species/4818004
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36571https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36571
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Shastasauridae : Shastasaurus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ichthyosauria : Shastasauridae : Shastasaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-IchthyosauromorphaMotani et al. 2015
-IchthyosauriformesMotani et al. 2015
-Ichthyopterygia
-EoichthyosauriaMotani 1999
-Ichthyosauria
-HueneosauriaMaisch and Matzke 2000
-MerriamosauriaMotani 1999
familyShastasauridaeMerriam 1902
genusShastasaurusMerriam 1895
Scientific NameShastasaurus Merriam, 1895
Name Published InAmer. J. Sci., (3) 50
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Baptanodontidaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Shastasaurinaestated without evidenceMerriam, 1908
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Shastasauridaestated with evidenceKuhn, 1971
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to ShastasauridaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Shastasauridaestated with evidenceCallaway and Massare, 1989
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Shastasaurinaestated with evidenceMotani, 1999
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Merriamosauriastated with evidenceMaisch and Matzke, 2000
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Ichthyosauriasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Shastasauridaestated without evidenceMcGowan and Motani, 2003
Shastasaurusgenusbelongs to Shastasauridaestated with evidenceShang and Li, 2009
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)4
First Recorded Appearance242 - 237 Ma
Middle Triassic
Last Recorded Appearance228 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Environmentmarine (based on Ichthyosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Ichthyosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Ichthyosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Ichthyosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Ichthyosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. C. Merriam. 1895. On some Reptilian Remains from the Triassic of Northern California. American Journal of Science 50(295):55
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shastasaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Shastasaurus alexandrae
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1252 Ma
Permian
252 Ma
Permian
Shastasaurus merriami
species
listed (PBDB)
Shastasaurus pacificus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
5237 Ma
Middle Triassic
228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Shastasaurus perrini
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Shastasaurus carinthiacus von Huene, 1925GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Shastasauridae : Shastasaurus carinthiacus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1895Shastasaurus Merriam
1902Shastasaurus Hay p. 463
1902Shastasaurus careyi Merriam p. 98 figs. Plate 1C, FIgures 3 and 4
1908Shastasaurus Merriam p. 88
1908Shastasaurus careyi Merriam p. 145
1925Shastasaurus carinthiacus von Huene
1971Shastasaurus Kuhn p. 22
1972Shastasaurus nordensis Ochev
1988Shastasaurus Carroll
YearName and Author
1989Shastasaurus Callaway and Massare p. 932
1994Shastasaurus Mcgowan p. 170
1999Shastasaurus Motani p. 480
2000Shastasaurus Maisch and Matzke p. 97
2002Shastasaurus Sepkoski, Jr.
2003Shastasaurus McGowan and Motani
2009Shastasaurus Shang and Li p. 191
2010Shastasaurus Maisch
2013Shastasaurus Ji et al.

References

Merriam J. C. On some Reptilian Remains from the Triassic of Northern California, American Journal of Science 50 295, 55
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Merriam J. C. (1902) Triassic Ichthyopterygia from California and Nevada, University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geology 3 4, 63-108
Merriam J. C. (1908) Triassic Ichthyosauria, Memoirs of the University of California 1 1, 1-155
Kuhn O. (1971) , Die Saurier der deutschen Trias [Reptiles of the German Triassic], 1-105
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Callaway J. M., Massare J. A. (1989) Shastasaurus altispinus (Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of the El Antimonio District, northwestern Sonora, Mexico, Journal of Paleontology 63 6, 930-939
Mcgowan C. (1994) A new species of Shastasaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Triassic of British Columbia: the most complete exemplar of the genus, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 2, 168-179
Motani R. (1999) Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 3, 473-496
Maisch M. W., Matzke A. T. (2000) The Ichthyosauria, Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 298, 1-159
Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Shang Q.-H., Li C. (2009) On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47 3, 178-193
Maisch M. W. (2010) Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art, Palaeodiversity 3, 151-214
Ji C., Jiang D.-Y., et al (2013) A new juvenile specimen of Guanlingasaurus (Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southwestern China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 2, 340-348
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Amer. J. Sci., (3) 50 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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