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Toretocnemus

Description

Toretocnemus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur. Its remains have been found in California, United States, in Triassic layers of the Carnian Hosselkus Limestone.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4818003https://www.gbif.org/species/4818003
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)36577https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36577
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Shastasauridae : Toretocnemus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Ichthyosauria : Toretocnemidae : Toretocnemus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-IchthyosauromorphaMotani et al. 2015
-IchthyosauriformesMotani et al. 2015
-Ichthyopterygia
-EoichthyosauriaMotani 1999
-Ichthyosauria
-HueneosauriaMaisch and Matzke 2000
suborderLongipinnatiHuene 1948
familyToretocnemidaeMaisch and Matzke 2000
genusToretocnemusMerriam 1903
Scientific NameToretocnemus Merriam, 1903
Name Published InBull. Geol. Univ. Calif., 3
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Toretocnemusgenusbelongs to Shastasaurinaestated without evidenceMerriam, 1908
Toretocnemusgenusbelongs to ShastasauridaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Toretocnemusgenusbelongs to Euichthyosauriastated with evidenceMotani, 1999
Toretocnemusgenusbelongs to Toretocnemidaestated with evidenceMaisch and Matzke, 2000
Toretocnemusgenusbelongs to Ichthyosauriasecond handSepkoski, 2002
Toretocnemusgenusbelongs to Toretocnemidaestated without evidenceMcGowan and Motani, 2003
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
First Recorded Appearance237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Last Recorded Appearance237 - 228 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic
Environmentmarine (based on Ichthyosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Ichthyosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Ichthyosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Ichthyosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Ichthyosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toretocnemus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Leptocheirus zitteli
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Toretocnemus californicus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
2237 Ma
Middle Triassic
237 Ma
Middle Triassic
Toretocnemus perrini
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Toretocnemus zitteli
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1252 Ma
Permian

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1903Leptocheirus Merriam
1903Toretocnemus Merriam
1904Merriamia Boulanger
1908Merriamia Merriam p. 88
1908Toretocnemus Merriam p. 88
1988Merriamia Carroll
1988Toretocnemus Carroll
YearName and Author
1999Toretocnemus Motani fig. 1
2000Toretocnemus Maisch and Matzke pp. 63, 96
2002Merriamia Sepkoski, Jr.
2002Toretocnemus Sepkoski, Jr.
2003Toretocnemus McGowan and Motani
2010Toretocnemus Maisch

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
Merriam J. C. (1908) Triassic Ichthyosauria, Memoirs of the University of California 1 1, 1-155
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Motani R. (1999) Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 3, 473-496
Maisch M. W., Matzke A. T. (2000) The Ichthyosauria, Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 298, 1-159
Maisch M. W. (2010) Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art, Palaeodiversity 3, 151-214
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Bull. Geol. Univ. Calif., 3 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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