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Plectonotus ✝

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Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4616425	https://www.gbif.org/species/4616425
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	8364	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=8364

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Proserpinidae : Plectonotus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bellerophontida : Plectonotidae : Plectonotus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
order	Bellerophontida	Ulrich and Scofield 1897
suborder	Bellerophontina	Ulrich and Scofield 1897
superfamily	Bellerophontoidea
family	Plectonotidae
genus	Plectonotus	Clarke 1899

Scientific Name

Plectonotus Clarke, 1899

Name Published In

Arch. Mus. Rio de Janeiro, 10

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Plectonotus	subgenus	belongs to Bellerophon	stated without evidence	Williams and Breger, 1916
Plectonotus	genus	belongs to Bucaniellinae	stated without evidence	Koken and Perner, 1925
Plectonotus	subgenus	belongs to Bucanella	stated with evidence	Knight et al., 1960
Plectonotus	genus	belongs to Bucaniinae	stated with evidence	Horný, 1963
Plectonotus	genus	belongs to Plectonotinae	stated without evidence	Boucot and Yochelson, 1966
Plectonotus	genus	belongs to Plectonotinae	stated with evidence	Wahlman, 1992
Plectonotus	genus	belongs to Bellerophontida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Plectonotus	genus	belongs to Plectonotinae	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

466 - 461 Ma
Middle Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

383 - 372 Ma
Late/Upper Devonian

Motility

actively mobile (based on Plectonotidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

detritivore (based on Plectonotidae)

Ecospace Comments

BODY SIZE: Data from Knight et al. (1960).

Taphonomy

aragonite, low Mg calcite (based on Bellerophontida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. M. Clarke. 1899. Molluscos devonianos do Estado do Parú, Brazil. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 10(1):49-174

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Plectonotus (Plectonotoides) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		22	443 Ma Silurian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus (Plectonotus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Bellerophon gaspensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bellerophon quadrilobatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bucaniella dereimsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Bucaniella laticarinata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Bucaniella rectangularis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Bucaniella reissi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Planorbis trilobatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	443 Ma Silurian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus boucoti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	443 Ma Silurian	425 Ma Silurian
Plectonotus cherylae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	423 Ma Silurian	423 Ma Silurian
Plectonotus derbyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	441 Ma Silurian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus hapsideus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus mareki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plectonotus quadrilobatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus raricostatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Plectonotus salteri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Plectonotus snajdri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1899	Plectonotus Clarke
1916	Bellerophon (Plectonotus) Williams and Breger p. 266
1925	Plectonotus Koken and Perner
1960	Bucanella (Plectonotus) Knight et al. p. 175 fig. 91.4
1963	Plectonotus Horný
1966	Plectonotus Boucot and Yochelson
1992	Plectonotus Wahlman
2002	Plectonotus Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Plectonotus Bouchet et al. pp. 134, 241

References

Clarke J. M. Molluscos devonianos do Estado do Parú, Brazil, Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro 10 1, 49-174

Williams H. S., Breger C. L. (1916) The fauna of the Chapman Sandstone of Maine, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 89, 1-347

Koken E., Perner J. (1925) , Die Gastropoden des baltischen Untersilurs, 1-324

Knight J. B., Cox L. R., et al (1960) Systematic descriptions, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Mollusca I 1, 169-339

Horný R. J. (1963) Lower Paleozoic Bellerophontina (Gastropoda) of Bohemia, Sborník Geologickych Ved 2, 57-164

Boucot A. J., Yochelson E. L. (1966) Paleozoic Gastropoda from the Moose River synclinorium, northern Maine, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 503 A, 1-18

Wahlman G.P. (1992) Middle and Upper Ordovician symmetrical univalved mollusks (Monoplacophora and Bellerophontina) of the Cincinnati Arch region, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1066 O, 1-123

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Arch. Mus. Rio de Janeiro, 10 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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