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Strobeus ✝

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Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4605991	https://www.gbif.org/species/4605991
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	10515	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=10515

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : Strobeus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Murchisoniina : Soleniscidae : Strobeus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthogastropoda	Ponder and Lindberg 1997
order	Murchisoniina	Cox and Knight 1960
superfamily	Loxonematoidea
family	Soleniscidae	Knight 1931
subfamily	Soleniscinae	Knight 1931
genus	Strobeus	de Koninck 1881

Scientific Name

Strobeus de Koninck, 1881

Name Published In

Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belgique, 6

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Strobeus	genus	subjective synonym of Ianthinopsis	stated with evidence	Knight et al., 1960
Strobeus	genus	belongs to Soleniscidae	stated with evidence	Nützel et al., 2000
Strobeus	genus	belongs to Neotaenioglossa	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Strobeus	genus	belongs to Strobeidae	stated without evidence	Bandel, 2002
Strobeus	genus	belongs to Soleniscidae	stated with evidence	Kaim et al., 2014
Strobeus	genus	belongs to Soleniscinae	stated with evidence	Nützel and Ketwetsuriya, 2016

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

431 - 427 Ma
Silurian

Last Recorded Appearance

232 - 222 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Motility

actively mobile (based on Soleniscidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Soleniscidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Soleniscidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

L. G. de Koninck. 1881. Faune du calcaire carbonifère de la Belgique, 3e partie, Gastéropodes. Musée Royale d’Historie Naturelle Belgique Annales, Série Paléontoloque 6:1-170

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ampullaria nobilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Buccinum acutum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	336 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous
Bulimorpha delawarensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Euchrysalis nitens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Fusus orbignyanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holopella decheni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Holopella hospitalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ianthinopsis gouldiana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Labridens dongluoensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	290 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Loxonema lincta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Loxonema ovatum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrocheilus buccinoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrocheilus depilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrocheilus humilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Macrocheilus intercalaris ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	315 Ma Carboniferous	254 Ma Permian
Macrocheilus paludinaeformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		47	339 Ma Carboniferous	260 Ma Permian
Macrocheilus pulchella ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Macrocheilus sandbergeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Macrocheilus stinesvillensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrocheilus subimbricatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina brancoi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina brevispira ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	237 Ma Middle Triassic	232 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Macrochilina chattolina ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina cyclostoma ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina ejecta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina elevata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina hospitalis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina imbricata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina inaequistriata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		5	237 Ma Middle Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Macrochilina intermedia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	427 Ma Silurian	427 Ma Silurian
Macrochilina keyesi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina modesta ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Macrochilina naticaeformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	388 Ma Middle Devonian	260 Ma Permian
Macrochilina orbignyi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Macrochilina ovata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina piltonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Macrochilina pulchella ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina pusilla ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	336 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous
Macrochilina pygmaea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	384 Ma Middle Devonian	384 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina sandbergeri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Macrochilina seneca ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	384 Ma Middle Devonian	384 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina sublineata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Macrochilina subovata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Macrochilina subtilis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina tantilla ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina turbinea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Macrochilina turrita ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrochilina whidborni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Macrochilina whidborni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Macrochilina winensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Melania inaequistriata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Natica meridionalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	388 Ma Middle Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Phasianella neritoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Phasianella ovata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pleurotoma sublineata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Soleniscus (Macrochilina) humilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Soleniscus brevis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		49	336 Ma Carboniferous	254 Ma Permian
Soleniscus mucronatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Soleniscus welleri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	315 Ma Carboniferous	265 Ma Permian
Sphaerodoma subglobosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Strobeus alternatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Strobeus batteni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	252 Ma Permian	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Strobeus delawarensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Strobeus immanis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	314 Ma Carboniferous	314 Ma Carboniferous
Strobeus mucronatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Strobeus nobilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	336 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous
Strobeus ovalis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Strobeus pakistanensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	252 Ma Permian	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Strobeus poromus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	318 Ma Carboniferous	314 Ma Carboniferous
Strobeus rectilinea ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	339 Ma Carboniferous	323 Ma Carboniferous
Strobeus rozeni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	272 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Strobeus shigetai ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Strobeus subcorpulentus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Strobeus subglobosus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Strobeus subulitoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Strobeus ventricosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	336 Ma Carboniferous	336 Ma Carboniferous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Macrocheilina Girty, 1908	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : *Macrocheilina*
Macrochirus Agassiz, 1846	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : *Macrochirus*
Machrochilina (Bayle, 1880)	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : *Machrochilina*
Macrochilus (Phillips, 1841)	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : *Macrochilus*
Strobaeus Cossmann, 1909	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : *Strobaeus*
Macrocheilos (Phillips, 1841)	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Soleniscidae : *Macrocheilos*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1841	Macrocheilus Phillips p. 103
1859	Macrochilus Hall p. 21
1880	Macrochilina Bayle p. 241
1881	Strobeus de Koninck p. 26 figs. pl. 3 f. 26-27
1884	Soleniscus (Macrocheilus) White p. 184
1894	Macrocheilos Frech
1903	Holopella (Macrochilina) Perner
1931	Soleniscus (Macrochilina) Knight p. 205
1958	Soleniscus (Macrochilina) Elias p. 21
1971	Machrochilina Manten

Year	Name and Author
2000	Strobeus Nützel et al. p. 583
2002	Strobeus Bandel
2002	Macrochilina Pan and Erwin
2002	Strobeus Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Macrochilina Amler and Heidelberger p. 1197
2005	Macrochilina Heidelberger and Koch p. 49
2014	Strobeus Kaim et al. p. 183
2015	Strobeus Mazaev p. 971
2016	Strobeus Nützel and Ketwetsuriya p. 506

References

de Koninck L. G. Faune du calcaire carbonifère de la Belgique, 3e partie, Gastéropodes, Musée Royale d’Historie Naturelle Belgique Annales, Série Paléontoloque 6, 1-170

Phillips J. Figures and descriptions of the Palaeozoic fossils of Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset; observed in the course of the Ordinance Geological Survey of that district, Geological Society of London, 1-231

Hall J. Notes and observations upon the fossils of the Goniatite Limestone, in the Marcellus shale of the Hamilton group, and those of the Goniatite beds of Rockford, Indiana, with some analogous forms from the Hamilton Group proper, Annual report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York on the State Cabinet of Natural History and the Historical and Antiquarian collection annexed thereto 13, 95-112

Frech F. Über das Devon der Ostaplen III. Die Fauna der unterdevonischen Riffkalke I, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologisches Gesellshäfte 46, 446-479

Perner J. (1903) , Gastéropodes, Tome 1: Patellidae et Bellerophontidae, 1-164

Knight J. B. (1931) The gastropods of the St. Louis, Missouri, Pennsylvanian outlier: the Subulitidae, Journal of Paleontology 5 3, 177-229

Elias M. K. (1958) Late Mississippian fauna of the Redoak Hollow Formation of southern Oklahoma. Part IV. Gastropoda, scaphopoda, cephalopoda, thoracica, and problematica, Journal of Paleontology 32 1, 1-57

Manten A. A. (1971) Silurian Reefs of Gotland, Developments in Sedimentology 13, 1-539

Nützel A., Erwin D.H, et al (2000) Identity and phylogeny of the Late Paleozoic Subulitoidea (Gastropoda), Journal of Paleontology 74 4, 575-598

Bandel K. (2002) Reevaluation and classification of Carboniferous and Permian Gastropoda belonging to the Caenogastropoda and their relation, Mitteilungen Geologie-Paläontologie Institut der Universitat Hamburg 86, 81-188

Pan H. -Z., Erwin D. H. (2002) Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, South China, Journal of Paleontology Memoir 56, 1-49 doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)76[1:GFTPOG]2.0.CO;2

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Amler M.R.W., Heidelberger D. (2003) Late Famennian Gastropoda from south-west England, Palaeontology 46 6, 1151-1211

Heidelberger D., Koch L. (2005) Gastropoda from the Givetian “Massenkalk” of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Saureland, Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge, Germany), Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband 4, 1-107

Kaim A., Nützel A., et al (2014) Gastropods, Olenekian (Early Triassic) stratigraphy and fossil assemblages in northeastern Vietnam. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 45, 167-184

Mazaev A. V. (2015) Upper Kazanian (Middle Permian) gastropods of the Volga–Urals Region, Paleontological Journal 49 8, 869-986 doi:10.1134/S0031030115080018

Nützel A., Ketwetsuriya C. (2016) Systematic palaeontology, in Permian gastropods from the Tak Fa Limestone, Nakhon Sawan, northern Thailand, Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 481-513

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belgique, 6 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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