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Ophisaurus

Description

Ophisaurus (from the Greek 'snake-lizard') is a genus of superficially snake-like lizards in the family Anguidae. Although most species have no legs, their head shapes, movable eyelids, and external ear openings identify them as lizards. A few species have very small, stub-like legs near their rear vents. These are vestigial organs, meaning they once served an evolved purpose but are no longer used. They reach lengths of up to 1.2 metres (4 ft), but about two-thirds of this is the tail. Glass lizards feed on insects, spiders, other small reptiles, and young rodents. Their diets are limited by their inability to unhinge their jaws. Some glass lizards give birth to live young but most lay eggs.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)3237846https://www.gbif.org/species/3237846
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)38009https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38009
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Anguidae : Ophisaurus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
-EpisquamataPyron et al. 2013
-ToxicoferaVidal and Hedges 2005
suborderAnguimorphaFürbringer 1900
-AnguiformesConrad 2006
superfamilyAnguioideaFitzinger 1826
familyAnguidaeGray 1825
subfamilyAnguinaeGray 1825
tribeOphisauriniAugé 2005
genusOphisaurusDaudin 1803
Common Nameglass lizard
Scientific NameOphisaurus Daudin, 1803
Name Published InDaudin, F. M. 1803. Caractères des vingt-trois genres qui composent l'ordre des ophidiens. Magasin Encyclopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts An. 8 Tome 5(20): 433-438.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to Anguidaestated with evidenceCope, 1875
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to Gerrhonotinaestated with evidenceMcDowell and Bogert, 1954
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to Anguinaestated without evidenceRage and Ford, 1980
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to Anguinaestated with evidenceEstes, 1983
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to AnguidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to Anguidaestated without evidenceFrank and Ramus, 1996
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to Ophisaurinistated with evidenceAugé, 2005
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to AnguidaeimpliedBöhme, 2008
Ophisaurusgenusbelongs to AnguinaeimpliedVianey-Liaud et al., 2014
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)14
Extant Size (PBDB)7 (50%)
First Recorded Appearance55.8 - 48.6 Ma
Eocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Diapsida)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietinsectivore, carnivore (based on Anguidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Common Name(s) Glass Lizard, Glass Lizards
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophisaurus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Ophisaurus acuminatus
species
listed (PBDB)111.1 Ma
Miocene
11.1 Ma
Miocene
Ophisaurus apodus
species
listed (PBDB)Armored Glass Lizard23.20 Ma
Pliocene
0 Ma
Extant
Ophisaurus attenuatus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Slender Glass Lizard713.6 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Ophisaurus canadensis
species
listed (PBDB)116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Ophisaurus ceroni
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ophisaurus compressus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Island Glass Lizard31.80 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Ophisaurus feifari
species
listed (PBDB)216.9 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Ophisaurus harti
species
listed (PBDB)Hart's Glass Lizard0 Ma
Extant
Ophisaurus holeci
species
listed (PBDB)422.4 Ma
Miocene
12.8 Ma
Miocene
Ophisaurus koellikeri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Koelliker's Glass Lizard0 Ma
Extant
Ophisaurus mimicus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ophisaurus robustus
species
listed (PBDB)116.9 Ma
Miocene
16.9 Ma
Miocene
Ophisaurus roqueprunensis
species
listed (PBDB)633.9 Ma
Oligocene
28.4 Ma
Oligocene
Ophisaurus spinari
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1622.4 Ma
Miocene
7.25 Ma
Miocene
Ophisaurus ventralis
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Eastern Glass Lizard716.0 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Ophisarus GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Anguidae : Ophisarus
Ophiosaurus Gray, 1825GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Anguidae : Ophiosaurus
Opheosaurus Daudin, 1803GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Anguidae : Opheosaurus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1803Ophisaurus Daudin
1875Opheosaurus Cope p. 46
1883Propseudopus Hilgendorf p. 139
1954Ophisaurus McDowell and Bogert p. 130
1980Ophisaurus Rage and Ford p. 50
1983Ophisaurus Estes
1987Ophisaurus Sullivan p. 131
1988Ophisaurus Carroll
YearName and Author
1996Ophisaurus Frank and Ramus
2000Ophisaurus Mors et al. p. 151
2005Ophisaurus Augé
2008Ophisaurus Böhme p. 169
2008Ophisaurus Venczel and Stiuca p. 753 figs. 13A, B
2010Ophisaurus Böhme p. 24
2014Ophisaurus Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 573
2015Ophisaurus Cernansky et al. p. 107

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109
McDowell S. B., Bogert C. M. (1954) The systematic postition of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 105 1, 1-142
Rage J. C., Ford R. L. E. (1980) Amphibians and Squamates from the Upper Eocene of the Isle of Wight, Tertiary Research 3 2, 47-60
Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249
Sullivan R. M. (1987) Parophisaurus pawneensis (Gilmore, 1928) new genus of anguid lizard from the middle Oligocene of North America, Journal of Herpetology 21 2, 115-133
Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377
Mors T., Hocht F., et al (2000) Die erst Wirbeltierfauna aus der miozanen Braunkohle der Niederrheinischen Bucht (Ville-Schichten, Tagebau Hambach) [The first vertebrate fauna from the Miocene Ville Series of the Lower Rhine Embayment (Hambach open cast mine, western Germany)], Paläontologische Zeitschrift 74 1/2, 145-170
Augé M. L. (2005) Evolution des lézards du Paléogène en Europe, Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle 192, 1-369
Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183
Venczel M., Stiuca E. (2008) Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut, Romania, Geodiversitas 30 4, 731-763
Böhme M. (2010) Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate, Paläontologische Zeitschrift 84 1, 3-41 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4
Vianey-Liaud M., Comte B., et al (2014) A new early late Oligocene (MP 26) continental vertebrate fauna from Saint-Privat-des-Vieux (Alès Basin, Gard, Southern France), Geodiversitas 36 4, 565-622 doi:10.5252/g2014n4a4
Cernansky A., Rage J. C., et al (2015) The Early Miocene squamates of Amöneburg (Germany): the first stages of modern squamates in Europe, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 2, 97-128 doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.897266
Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Mag. Encyclop., An. 8, 5 (20) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Uetz, 1995-, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Uetz, 1995- - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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