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Branta

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Description

The black geese of the genus Branta are waterfowl belonging to the true geese and swans subfamily Anserinae. They occur in the northern coastal regions of the Palearctic and all over North America, migrating to more southernly coasts in winter, and as resident birds in the Hawaiian Islands. Alone in the Southern Hemisphere, a self-sustaining feral population derived from introduced Canada geese is also found in New Zealand.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branta, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2498190	https://www.gbif.org/species/2498190
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	83426	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83426

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Branta

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Galloanserae	Sibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorder	Galloanserimorphae
order	Anseriformes	Wagler 1831
family	Anatidae	Vigors 1825
subfamily	Anserinae	Vigors 1825
tribe	Anserini	Vigors 1825
genus	Branta	Scopoli 1769

Scientific Name

Branta Scopoli, 1769

Name Published In

Scopoli, Giovanni A. 1769. Annus I Historico-Naturalis. Christ. Gottlob Hilscheri, Lipsiae. Vol. 1: 1-168.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Branta	genus	belongs to Anseres	stated without evidence	Shufeldt, 1891
Branta	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Branta	genus	belongs to Anserinae	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Branta	genus	belongs to Anatinae	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1964
Branta	genus	belongs to Anserinae	stated without evidence	Howard, 1972
Branta	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Olson and James, 1982
Branta	genus	belongs to Anserini	stated without evidence	Livezey and Martin, 1988
Branta	genus	belongs to Anatini	stated without evidence	Bickart, 1990
Branta	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Olson and James, 1991
Branta	genus	belongs to Anserini	stated without evidence	Emslie, 1992
Branta	genus	belongs to Anserini	stated with evidence	Gonzalez et al., 2009
Branta	genus	belongs to Anatidae	stated without evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

8 (53%)

First Recorded Appearance

16.0 - 13.8 Ma
Miocene

Environment

freshwater (based on Anserinae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

folivore, granivore (based on Anserinae)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

S. L. Olson and P. C. Rasmussen. 2001. Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90:233-365

Common Name(s)

Brent Geese, コクガン, Brantagäss, Ob. Brantagås

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branta

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Branta leucopsis x ruficollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta leucopsis x canadensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta leucopsis x bernicla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta hutchinsii x leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta bernicla species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Brant	13	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Branta canadensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Canada Goose	37	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Branta dickeyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Branta esmeralda ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Branta howardae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Branta hutchinsii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cackling Goose	6	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Branta hylobadistes ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Branta hypsibata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Branta leucopis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Barnacle Goose	3	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Branta minuscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta propinqua ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Branta ruficollis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Red-breasted Goose	3	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Branta sandvicensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Nene			0 Ma Extant
Branta woolfendeni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Nesochen Salvadori, 1895	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Nesochen*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1769	Branta Scopoli
1891	Branta Shufeldt p. 819
1902	Branta Hay p. 530
1933	Branta Lambrecht p. 370
1964	Branta Brodkorb p. 213
1972	Branta Howard p. 9
1982	Branta Olson and James p. 33
1988	Branta Livezey and Martin p. 208

Year	Name and Author
1990	Branta Bickart p. 28
1991	Branta Olson and James p. 42
1992	Branta Emslie p. 255
1992	Branta Guthrie p. 321
1992	Branta Parmalee p. 309
2001	Branta Olson and Rasmussen p. 283
2009	Branta Gonzalez et al.
2017	Branta Clements et al.

References

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Shufeldt R. W. Fossil birds from the Equus Beds of Oregon, American Naturalist 25, 818-821

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Brodkorb P. (1964) Catalogue of Fossil Birds. Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes), Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 8 3, 195-335

Howard H. (1972) Type specimens of avian fossils in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 1-27

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1982) Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365, 1-59

Livezey B. C., Martin L. D. (1988) The Systematic Position of the Miocene Anatid Anas[?] blanchardi Milne-Edwards, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 2, 196-211 doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011698

Bickart K. J. (1990) The birds of the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene Big Sandy Formation, Mohave County, Arizona, Ornithological Monographs 44, 1-72

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1991) Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes, Ornithological Monographs 45, 1-88

Emslie S. D. (1992) Two new late Blancan avifaunas from Florida and the extinction of wetland birds in the Plio-Pleistocene, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 36, 249-269

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Gonzalez J., Düttman H., et al (2009) Phylogenetic relationships based on two mitochondrial genes and hybridization patterns in Anatidae, Journal of Zoology 279, 310-318

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Annus Hist. Nat., 1 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Dickinson, Edward C., ed., 2003: null. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 3rd edition. 1039. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Scopoli, G. A. (1769). Annus I historico-naturalis. Descriptiones Avium Musei Proprii Earumque Rariorum, Quas Vidit In Vivario Augustiss. Imperatoris, Et In Museo Excell. - via World Register of Marine Species

SOF (2004) Lista över svenska fåglar bearbetad av Oskar Kindvall baserat på excelfil från SOF (http://www.sofnet.org). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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