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Corvus

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Description

Corvus is a widely distributed genus of medium-sized to large birds in the family Corvidae. The genus includes species commonly known as crows, ravens, rooks and jackdaws; there is no consistent distinction between "crows" and "ravens", and these appellations have been assigned to different species chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller than ravens.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2482468	https://www.gbif.org/species/2482468
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39446	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39446

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : Corvus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
-	Picoclamatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Corvidae	Vigors 1825
genus	Corvus	Linnæus 1758

Common Name

crow

Scientific Name

Corvus Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Corvus	genus	belongs to Passeres	stated without evidence	Shufeldt, 1891
Corvus	genus	belongs to Corvidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Corvus	genus	belongs to Corvidae	stated with evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Corvus	genus	belongs to Corvidae	stated without evidence	Olson and James, 1982
Corvus	genus	belongs to Corvidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Corvus	genus	belongs to Corvidae	stated without evidence	Baird, 1992
Corvus	genus	belongs to Corvidae	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

13 (65%)

First Recorded Appearance

11.1 - 9.7 Ma
Miocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Corvidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

omnivore (based on Corvidae)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Crows, Crow

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvus

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Corvus affinis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus albicollis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	White-necked Raven	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus albus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pied Crow	3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus annectens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Corvus antecorax species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus azureus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus bacmeisteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus benghalensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus bennetti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus brachyrhynchos species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	American Crow	30	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus caledonicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus capellanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus capensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus caurinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus corax species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Common Raven	50	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus cornix species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus corone species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Carrion Crow	17	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus coronoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus crassirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus cryptoleucus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus culminatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus difficilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus edithae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus enca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus florensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus frugilegus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Rook	2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus fuscicapillus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus fuscicollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus hassi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus hawaiiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus hungaricus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Corvus iliceti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus imparatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus impluviatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus infumatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus insolens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus insularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus jamaicensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus kubaryi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus latirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus leucognaphalus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	White-necked Crow	1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus levaillantii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus macrorhynchos species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Large-billed Crow	7	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus macrorhynchus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus meeki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus mellori species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus minutus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus monedula species	listed (PBDB)	Eurasian Jackdaw	33	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus moneduloides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus moriorum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Chatham Islands Raven	8	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Corvus nasicus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cuban Crow	7	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus nobilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus olivaceus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus orru species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus ossifragus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Fish Crow	9	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus palmarum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Palm Crow	3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Corvus paradoxus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus pastinator species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus pectoralis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus phaeocephalus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus pliocaenus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	5.33 Ma Miocene	1.81 Ma Pleistocene
Corvus praecorax ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Corvus pumilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Corvus pusillus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus rhipidurus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus ruficollis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus samarensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus sardonius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus sardus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus scapularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus sharpii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus shufeldti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Corvus sinaloae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus sinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus sinuatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus splendens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus stridens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus tasmanicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus tenuirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus tibetanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus tingitanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus torquatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus tristis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus typicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus ultracollaris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus unicolor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus validus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus violaceus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus viriosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus wetmorei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Corvus woodfordi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Corvus Linnaeus
1891	Corvus Shufeldt p. 819
1902	Corvus Hay p. 537
1933	Corvus Lambrecht p. 637
1982	Corvus Olson and James p. 38
1988	Corvus Carroll
1992	Corvus Baird p. 31

Year	Name and Author
1992	Corvus Guthrie p. 324
1992	Corvus Parmalee p. 315
2001	Corvus Olson and Rasmussen p. 300
2003	Corvus Worthy and Grant-Mackie p. 453
2008	Corvus Burney et al. p. 18
2017	Corvus Clements et al.
2017	Corvus Meijer et al. p. 12

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Shufeldt R. W. Fossil birds from the Equus Beds of Oregon, American Naturalist 25, 818-821

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1982) Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365, 1-59

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Baird R. F. (1992) Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia, Records of the Australian Museum 44, 21-44

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Worthy T. H., Grant-Mackie J. A. (2003) Late-Pleistocene avifaunas from Cape Wanbrow, Otago, South Island, New Zealand, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33 1, 427-485

Burney D. A., Vasey N., et al (2008) New findings at Andrahomana Cave, southeastern Madagascar, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 70 1, 13-24

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Meijer H. J. M., Due R. A., et al (2017) Late Pleistocene songbirds of Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia); the first fossil passerine fauna described from Wallacea, PeerJ 5, e3676

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 431-554. - via World Register of Marine Species

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Marine Species

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wackernagel,H. (1951) Eine Beobachtung von Einemsen an einer isoliert aufgezogen Rabenkrähe (Corvus corone L.) - via Phthiraptera.info

Threlfall,W.,Andrews,S. E. (1975) Parasites of the common crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, 1822) in insular Newfoundland - via Phthiraptera.info

Jones,J., ,Jr. (1968) Some parasites of the common crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, from Ohio - via Phthiraptera.info

SOF (2004) Lista över svenska fåglar bearbetad av Oskar Kindvall baserat på excelfil från SOF (http://www.sofnet.org). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Martín-Mateo,María Paz,María D. Soler-Cruz,Guevara Benítez,D. C. (1981) Estudio sistemático y morfológico de las especies de Mallophaga encontradas sobre Corvus monedula - via Phthiraptera.info

Morgan,B. B.,Waller,E. F. (1941) Some parasites of the eastern crow (Corvus brachyrhynchus bracyrhynchus Brehm) - via Phthiraptera.info

Cooper,J. E. (1996) Health studies on the Indian house crow (Corvus splendens) - via Phthiraptera.info

Zechnov,M. I. (1956) Vosrastnaja i sezonnaja dynamika puchoedov graca (Corvus frugilegus) - via Phthiraptera.info

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 17 Addition to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the names of fifteen genera of the class Aves, the type species of each of which was determined by Linnean tautonymy (Direction supplementary to Opinion 16).Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1C(C.8), 89-112 (1955) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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