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Pseudemys

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Description

Pseudemys is a genus of large, herbivorous, freshwater turtles of the eastern United States and adjacent northeast Mexico. They are often referred to as cooters, which stems from kuta, the word for turtle in the Bambara and Malinké languages, brought to America by African slaves.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudemys, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2443162	https://www.gbif.org/species/2443162
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	53075	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53075

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Emydidae : Pseudemys

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
-	Testudinata
order	Testudines	Batsch 1788
suborder	Cryptodira	Cope 1868
-	Pantestudinoidea	Joyce et al. 2004
superfamily	Testudinoidea	Gray 1825
-	Panemydidae	Joyce et al. 2004
family	Emydidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Pseudemys	Gray 1856

Common Name

cooter

Scientific Name

Pseudemys Gray, 1856

Name Published In

Gray, John E. 1856. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). The Trustees of British Museum, London.: 1–79; Pls. 1–42.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated with evidence	Cope, 1875
Pseudemys	genus	subjective synonym of Chrysemys	stated with evidence	Boulenger, 1889
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Emydinae	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Emydinae	stated without evidence	Holman, 1985
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Emydinae	stated with evidence	Seidel and Smith, 1986
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated without evidence	Holman et al., 1990
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Deirochelyinae	stated without evidence	Parham et al., 2008
Pseudemys	genus	belongs to Emydidae	stated with evidence	Vlachos, 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

9 (75%)

First Recorded Appearance

20.4 - 16.0 Ma
Miocene

Environment

freshwater (based on Emydidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

omnivore (based on Emydidae)

Reproduction

oviparous (based on Emydidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. A. Holman. 1985. Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry. National Geographic Research 1(3):423-436

Common Name(s)

Cooters, Cooter Turtles, Red-bellied Turtles, Cooter

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudemys

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Chrysemys williamsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudemys alabamensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Alabama Red-bellied Turtle			0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys bisornatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudemys caelata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudemys carri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Pseudemys concinna species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eastern River Cooter	4	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys floridana species	listed (PBDB)	Peninsula Cooter	2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys gorzugi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys hilli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudemys idahoensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Pseudemys nelsoni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Florida Red-bellied Turtle	3	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys peninsularis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys rubriventris species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	American Red-bellied Turtle			0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys texana species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pseudemys williamsi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	13.6 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Ptychemys Agassiz, 1857	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Emydidae : *Ptychemys*
Nectemys Agassiz, 1857	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Emydidae : *Nectemys*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1856	Pseudemys Gray p. 33
1857	Ptychemys Agassiz p. 431
1857	Nectemys Agassiz p. 642
1875	Pseudemys Cope p. 52
1964	Pseudemys Estes p. 99
1975	Pseudemys Bickham p. 203
1985	Pseudemys Holman

Year	Name and Author
1986	Pseudemys Seidel and Smith p. 246
1990	Pseudemys Holman et al. p. 524
1996	Pseudemys Frank and Ramus
2008	Pseudemys Parham et al.
2014	Pseudemys van Dijk et al.
2018	Pseudemys Vlachos

References

Holman J. A. (1985) Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry, National Geographic Research 1 3, 423-436

Agassiz L. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America. First Monograph. Vol. I. Part I. Essay on Classi cation. Part II. North American Testudinata, 1-452

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Bickham J. W. (1975) A Cytosystematic Study of Turtles in the Genera Clemmys, Mauremys and Sacalia, Herpetologica 31 2, 198-204

Seidel M. E., Smith H. M. (1986) Chrysemys, Pseudemys, Trachemys (Testudines: Emydidae): did Agassiz have it right?, Herpetologica 42 2, 242-248

Holman J. A., Bell G. L., et al (1990) A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama, The Herpetological Journal 1 11, 521-529

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Parham J. F., Outerbirdge M. E., et al (2008) Introduced delicacy or native species? A natural origin of Bermudian terrapins supported by fossil and genetic data, Biology Letters 2008 4, 216-219 doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0599

van Dijk P. P., Iverson J. B., et al (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status, Chelonian Research Monographs 5, 329-479

Vlachos E. (2018) A Review of the Fossil Record of North American Turtles of the Clade Pan-Testudinoidea, Bulletin of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History 59 1, 3-94

Crother, Brian I., Jeff Boundy, Frank T. Burbrink, Jonathan A. Campbell, Kevin de Queiroz, et al., 2012: Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding, Seventh Ed.. Herpetological Circular, no. 39. 1-92. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk, P. P., J. Iverson, A. Rhodin, H. Shaffer, and R. Bour], 2014: Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with maps, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs, no. 5, v. 7. 329-479. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Cat. Shield Rept. Brit. Mus., 1, 15, 33 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Webb, Robert G., 1995: The Date of Publication of Gray's Catalogue of Shield Reptiles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, vol. 1, no. 4. 322-323. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Iverson, John B., 1992: null. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. xiii + 363. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

SN2000/Uetz, 1995-, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Uetz, 1995- - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Jirí Hošek (eds.). (2019). The Reptile Database. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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