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Pinctada

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Description

Pinctada is a genus of saltwater oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Pteriidae, the pearl oysters. These oysters have a strong inner shell layer composed of nacre, also known as "mother of pearl".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinctada, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2285335	https://www.gbif.org/species/2285335
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	16921	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=16921

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : Pinctada

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : Pinctada

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Pteriomorphia
-	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Ostreioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Ostreata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Ostreiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Ostreida
suborder	Malleidina	Gray 1854
superfamily	Pterioidea	Gray 1847
family	Pteriidae	Gray 1847
genus	Pinctada	Röding 1798

Scientific Name

Pinctada Röding, 1798

Name Published In

Röding, Peter F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum, sive, Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten. Johan. Christi. Trappii, Hamburgi.: pt.2: , , 1-199.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pinctada	subgenus	belongs to Pteria	stated with evidence	Grant and Gale, 1931
Pinctada	genus	belongs to Pteriidae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Pinctada	genus	belongs to Pteriidae	implied	Lamprell and Healy, 1998
Pinctada	genus	belongs to Pterioida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Pinctada	genus	belongs to Pteriidae	stated without evidence	Spencer et al., 2004
Pinctada	genus	belongs to Pteriidae	stated with evidence	Rosenberg, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (42%)

First Recorded Appearance

237 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic

Environment

coastal,inner shelf,outer shelf,oceanic (based on Pteriidae)

Motility

stationary, attached

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ontogeny

accretion (based on Pteriidae)

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: EP, IM, BA, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite, low Mg calcite,intermediate,minor ribbing, minor spines (based on Pteriidae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinctada

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Margaritifera (Palaeomargaritifera) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		1	174 Ma Middle Jurassic	174 Ma Middle Jurassic
Avicula (Meleagrina) foulloni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	237 Ma Middle Triassic	237 Ma Middle Triassic
Avicula badia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula bicolor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula citrina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula echina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula grisea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula lichtensteini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula olivacea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula pallida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula tamsiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Avicula varia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Margaritiphora mazatlanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Meleagrina crassicardia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Pinctada albina species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pinctada capensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada chemnitzii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada cumingii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada galtsoffi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada imbricata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pinctada inflata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada longisquamosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada maculata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Pinctada margaritifera species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pinctada margaritiferus species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pinctada maxima species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pinctada mazatlanica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada nigra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada petersii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinctada vidua species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pteria (Pinctada) mazatlanica species	listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Maleagrima Agassiz, 1839	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Maleagrima*
Margaritifera Jameson, 1901	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Margaritifera*
Perlamater Schumacher, 1817	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Perlamater*
Pintada Gray, 1847	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Pintada*
Maleagrina Monterosato, 1877	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Maleagrina*
Margaritiphora Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Margaritiphora*
Pintadina Gray, 1834	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Pintadina*
Unionium Link, 1807	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Unionium*
Meleagrina Lamarck, 1819	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Meleagrina*
Meleagris Fischer-Waldheim, 1835	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Meleagris*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1798	Pinctada Ršding
1807	Unionium Link
1817	Perlamater Schumacher p. 38
1819	Meleagrina Lamarck
1826	Pintadina Blainville p. 93
1891	Avicula (Meleagrina) Bittner
1901	Margaritifera Jameson p. 372

Year	Name and Author
1931	Pteria (Pinctada) Grant and Gale p. 147
1980	Pinctada Vokes p. 37
1998	Pinctada Lamprell and Healy p. 102
2002	Pinctada Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Pinctada Spencer et al.
2005	Pinctada Rosenberg

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Bittner A. Triaspetrefakten von Balia in Kleinasien, Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen, Geologischen Reichsanstalt 41, 97-116

Grant U. S., Gale H. R. (1931) Catalogue of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California, Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History 1, 1-1036

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Lamprell K., Healy J. (1998) , Bivalves of Australia 2

Spencer H. G., Willan R. C., et al (2004) Checklist of the Recent Mollusca described from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, [http://www.molluscs.otago.ac.nz/index.html]

Rosenberg G. (2005) Malacolog 4.0: A database of Western Atlantic marine Mollusca, [WWW database (version 4.1.0)] URL http://data.acnatsci.org/wasp

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Mus. Bolten., 2 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Tëmkin I. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 342. - via World Register of Marine Species

SN2000/Ruppert et al., 2004 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Wada T.K. & Tëmkin I. 2008. Taxonomy and phylogeny. pp. 37-76. In: The Pearl Oyster (P. Southgate & J. Lucas, eds). Elsevier, 544 p. - via World Register of Marine Species

Tëmkin I. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 342. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Wada T.K. & Tëmkin I. 2008. Taxonomy and phylogeny. pp. 37-76. In: The Pearl Oyster (P. Southgate & J. Lucas, eds). Elsevier, 544 p. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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