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Carcharhinidae

Photos

Photo Gallery

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus sp.

Central Florida Phosphate Mining District, Polk County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus sp.

Central Florida Phosphate Mining District, Polk County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Carcharhinus falciformis

Sarasota County, Florida, USA

Description

Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes. They are migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) and includes such species as the tiger shark, the spinner shark, the blacknose shark, the blacktip shark, the grey reef shark, the blacktip reef shark, and the Oceanic whitetip shark.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcharhinidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2211	https://www.gbif.org/species/2211
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	83183	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83183

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Carcharhinidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
-	Selachii
superorder	Galeomorphi
order	Carchariniformes
family	Carcharhinidae	Jordan and Evermann 1896

Common Name

requiem shark

Scientific Name

Carcharhinidae

Name Published In

The Plagiostoma: 106

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Carcharhinidae	subfamily	belongs to Galeidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Plagiostomi	stated without evidence	Weiler, 1938
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Musteliformes	stated without evidence	Cassier, 1966
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Galeoidea	stated without evidence	Thurmond and Jones, 1981
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Isuroidei	stated without evidence	Case, 1981
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Lamniformes	stated without evidence	Bendix-Almgreen, 1983
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Carcharhiniformes	stated without evidence	Long, 1992
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Chondrichthyes	stated without evidence	Fourriére et al., 2014
Carcharhinidae	family	belongs to Carcharhiniformes	stated without evidence	Engelbrecht et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

22 (22%)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 89 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Carchariniformes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Carchariniformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. W. Purdy, V. P. Schneider, and S. P. Applegate, J. H. McLellan, R. L. Meyer, B. H. Slaughter. 2001. The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90:71-202

Common Name(s)

Requiem Sharks, Mangeurs D'hommes, Tiburones Gambuso, Gråhajar, Revhajar, Requiem Shark, Blåhaifamilien, メジロザメ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcharhinidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Scoliodontinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Abdounia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		95	61.6 Ma Paleocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Alopiopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Aprionodon genus	listed (PBDB)		14	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Carcharhinus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		440	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Eogaleus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Galeocerdo genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Tiger Shark	287	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Galeolamna genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Glyphis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	River Shark	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hypoprion ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		12	56.0 Ma Paleocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Isogomphodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Daggernose Shark	13	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Lamiopsis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Loxodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Misrichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	48.6 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Nasolamia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Negaprion genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Lemon Shark	125	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Physogaleus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		66	58.7 Ma Paleocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Prionace genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Blue Shark	23	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Pseudabdounia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Rhizoprionodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Sharpnose Shark	93	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Scoliodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		29	55.8 Ma Eocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Triaenodon genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	47.8 Ma Eocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Sphenopteridium manzanitanum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Carcharinidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharinidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1896	Carcharhinidae Jordan and Evermann
1902	Carcharhininae Hay p. 312
1938	Carcharinidae Weiler p. 8
1966	Carcharhinidae Cassier p. 86
1981	Carcharhinidae Case p. 63
1981	Carcharhinidae Thurmond and Jones p. 61
1983	Carcharhinidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2
1992	Carcharhinidae Long p. 29
2001	Carcharhinidae Purdy et al. p. 144
2005	Carcharhinidae Compagno

Year	Name and Author
2005	Carcharhinidae Tabuce et al. p. 385
2006	Carcharhinidae Underwood p. 234
2007	Carcharhinidae Adnet et al. p. 305
2009	Carcharhinidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 632
2014	Carcharhinidae Carnevale et al. p. 41
2014	Carcharhinidae Fourriére et al. p. 380
2017	Carcharhinidae Engelbrecht et al. p. 18
2017	Carcharhinidae Szabo et al.
2018	Carcharhinidae Kent p. 107
2019	Carcharhinidae Ebersole et al. p. 67

References

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Weiler W. (1938) Neue Untersuchungen an Mitteloligozänen Fischen Ungarns, Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica 15, 1-31

Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496

Case G. R. (1981) Late Eocene Selachians from South-Central Georgia, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 176 Lfg. 1-3, 52-79

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Bendix-Almgreen S. E. (1983) Carcharodon megalodon from the Upper Miocene of Denmark, with comments on elasmobranch tooth enameloid: coronoi'n, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 32, 1-32

Long D. J. (1992) Sharks from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 1, 11-32

Compagno L. V. (2005) Chapter 16. Checklist of living Chondrichthyes, Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Chondrichthyes: Sharks, Batoids and Chimaeras, 503-548

Tabuce R., Adnet S., et al (2005) Aznag (bassin d'Ouarzazate, Maroc), nouvelle localite a selaciens et mammiferes de l'Eocene moyen (Lutetien) d'Afrique, Bulletin de la societe Geologique du France 2005 176, 381-400

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Adnet S., Antoine P. -O., et al (2007) New tropical carcharhinids (chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes) from the late Eocene–early Oligocene of Balochistan, Pakistan: Paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic implications, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30 2, 303-323 doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.10.002

Cicimurri D. J., Knight J. L. (2009) Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 4, 627-647

Carnevale G., Bannikov A. F., et al (2014) The Pesciara-Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates, Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana 4, 37-63

Fourriére M., Reyes-Bonilla H., et al (2014) Fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Eastern Pacific: Checklist, Endemism, and Analysis of Completeness of the Inventory, Pacific Science 68 3, 375-395 doi:10.2984/68.3.7

Engelbrecht A., Mörs T., et al (2017) New carcharhiniform sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the early to middle Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 6, e1371724 doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1371724

Szabo M., Botfalvai G., et al (2017) Upper Oligocene marine fishes from nearshore deposits of the Central Paratethys (Máriahalom, Hungary), Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments doi:10.1007/s12549-017-0285-0

Kent B. W. (2018) The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 45-160

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Kullander (2007) Nationalnyckeln Broskfiskar manus - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Branstetter, Steven / Collette, Bruce B., and Grace Klein-MacPhee, eds., 2002: Requiem Sharks: Family Carcharhinidae. Bigelow and Schroeder's Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, Third Edition. 38-45. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Eschmeyer online (Jul 2012) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Compagno, Leonard J. V., 1984: Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 4, pt. 2. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Compagno, Leonard J. V. / Hamlett, William C., ed., 1999: Checklist of Living Elasmobranchs. Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. 471-498. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

WoRMS (2016) Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

FishBase - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species

van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 - via World Register of Marine Species

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 723 Repeal of the ruling given in Opinion 47 together with the stabilisation of the generic names Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816, Carcharodon Smith, 1838, and Odontaspis Agassiz, 1838, in their accustomed sense (Pisces).Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 22, 32-36 (1965) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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