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Hydrozoa
| Description | Hydrozoa (hydrozoans, from ancient Greek ὕδωρ, hydro, "water" and ζῷον, zoon, "animal") are a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most living in salt water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in fresh water. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals and belong to the phylum Cnidaria. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrozoa, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | class | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Cnidaria : Hydrozoa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Scientific Name | Hydrozoa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 23 (14%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 635 - 541 Ma Neoproterozoic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | stationary, attached | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | blind | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore, suspension feeder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ecospace Comments | COMMENTS: Includes erect, surficial, and pelagic tiering, non-motile attached, facultatively motile attach, non-motile unattached, and fully motile slow motility, and suspension-feeding, predation, photosymbiosis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | aragonite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Hydrozoer, Hydralike Animals, Hydroids, Hydrozoans, Hydraires, Hydrozoaires, Hidra, Hidrozoa, Hidrozoário, Pólipo, água Viva, Hydromedusen, Hydropolypen, Hydraïres, Hydromedusae, Hydroméduses, Hydroïden, Hydroïdpoliepen, ヒドロ虫 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrozoa |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinulida order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Anthoathecata order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hydrocorallinae order | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Hydroida order | listed (PBDB) | 29 | 520 Ma Cambrian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Lemniscaterina ✝ order | listed (PBDB) | 13 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 232 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Leptothecata order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Limnomedusae ✝ order | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | |
| Milleporina order | listed (PBDB) | Fire Coral | 165 | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | 0 Ma Extant |
| Narcomedusae order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Siphonophorae order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Siphonophorida order | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 427 Ma Silurian | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Sphaeractinida ✝ order | listed (PBDB) | 7 | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Spongiomorphida ✝ order | listed (PBDB) | 129 | 254 Ma Permian | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Stylasterina order | listed (PBDB) | Lace Coral | 40 | 70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant |
| Trachylinida order | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Trachymedusae order | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tubulariae order | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Chondrophorina ✝ suborder | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Amphicaryoninae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Calycellidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chondroplidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Conchopeltidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Inocaulidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lemniscateridae ✝ family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 13 | 247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic | 232 Ma Late/Upper Triassic | |
| Milleporidae family | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 269 Ma Permian | 5.33 Ma Miocene | |
| Oceanidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Octocannoidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paragotoeidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pentasmiliidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pulemidae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhabdohydridae family | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Archaeocryptolaria ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Archaeolafoea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bullatella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cambrohydra ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 520 Ma Cambrian | 520 Ma Cambrian | |
| Cancellistroma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Concentristroma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Delheidia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 55.8 Ma Eocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Eisenackiella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Eoporpita ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | |
| Fistulella ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 10 | 427 Ma Silurian | 409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian | |
| Fungistroma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Graptogeitonia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Kullingia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Likinia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Lorenzinites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mesodendrium genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ovatoscutum ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | |
| Palaeacmea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 467 Ma Middle Ordovician | |
| Palaelophacmaea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Palaeoaplysina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parkeria ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Plumalina ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 384 Ma Middle Devonian | 365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian | |
| Pontifennia genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | 472 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician | |
| Rhizostromella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Roseoporella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | 388 Ma Middle Devonian | |
| Spriggia ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | 635 Ma Neoproterozoic | |
| Stoliczkaria ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Stoliczkiella ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Tubuloparietes ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Amphipora nattressi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Camptostroma resseri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chaetetes wyomingensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Errinia boschmai species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Errinia cheilopora species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Errinia cyclopora species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Errinia fascicularis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Errinia lowei species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ferestromatopora turbinata species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Laomedia gigantea species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pasytheca dubia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pasytheca griffini species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pasytheca nodosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhizorageum roseum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1843 | Hydrozoa Owen |
| 1904 | Hydrozoa Ulrich p. 433 |
| 1998 | Hydrozoa Barnes p. 183 |
| 2002 | Hydrozoa Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2013 | Hydrozoa Kayal et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
