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Typotheria

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	57069	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57069

Rank

suborder (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Notoungulata : Typotheria

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
order	Notoungulata	Roth 1903
suborder	Typotheria	Zittel 1892

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Perissodactyla	stated without evidence	Ameghino, 1894
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Trogontia	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Notoungulata	stated without evidence	Simpson, 1935
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Notoungulata	stated with evidence	Simpson, 1967
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Notoungulata	stated without evidence	McKenna, 1975
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Notoungulata	stated with evidence	Billet, 2011
Typotheria	suborder	belongs to Notoungulata	stated without evidence	García López and Powell, 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

235

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (1.7%)

First Recorded Appearance

56.0 - 48.0 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

herbivore (based on Notoungulata)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. G. Simpson. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85:1-350

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Typotherioidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Campanorcidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Eutrachytheriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hegetotheriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	196	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Interatheriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	130	56.0 Ma Paleocene	9.00 Ma Miocene
Mesotheriidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	97	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Protypotheriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	90	29.0 Ma Oligocene	9.00 Ma Miocene
Typotheriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	1.20 Ma Pleistocene
Griphotherion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1892	Typotheria Zittel p. 62
1894	Typotheria Ameghino p. 13
1898	Typotheria Gadow p. 42
1935	Typotheria Simpson p. 16
1945	Typotheria Simpson p. 128
1967	Typotheria Simpson
1975	Typotheria McKenna p. 43

Year	Name and Author
2003	Typotheria Reguero et al.
2009	Typotheria Shockey et al.
2010	Typotheria Reguero and Prevosti
2011	Typotheria Billet
2011	Typotheria García López and Powell
2012	Typotheria Vera
2015	Typotheria García López and Babot

References

Simpson G. G. (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85, 1-350

Ameghino F. Enumeration synoptique des especes de mammifères fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie, Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republica Argentina) 13, 259-452

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Simpson G. G. (1935) Descriptions of the oldest known South American mammals, from the Rio Chico Formation, American Museum Novitates 793, 1-25

Simpson G. G. (1967) The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part II., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 137, 1-260

McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46

Reguero M. A., Ubilla M., et al (2003) A new species of Eopachyrucos (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) from the Late Oligocene of Uruguay, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 2, 445-457 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003)023[0445:ANSOEM]2.0.CO;2

Shockey B. J., Gismondi R. S., et al (2009) Paleontology and geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Peru, American Museum Novitates 3668, 1-24 doi:10.1206/662.1

Reguero M. A., Prevosti F. J. (2010) Rodent-like notoungulates (Typotheria) from Gran Barranca, Chubut Province, Argentina: phylogeny and systematics, The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, 148-165

Billet G. (2011) Phylogeny of the Notoungulata (Mammalia) based on cranial and dental characters, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 4, 481-497

García López D. A., Powell J. E. (2011) Griphotherion peiranoi, gen. et sp. nov., a new Eocene Notoungulata (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from northwestern Argentina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 5, 1117-1130

Vera B. (2012) Revisión del género Transpithecus Ameghino, 1901 (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) del Eoceno medio de Patagonia, Argentina, Ameghiniana 49 1, 60-74

García López D. A., Babot M. J. (2015) Notoungulate faunas of north-western Argentina: new findings of early-diverging forms from the Eocene Geste Formation, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13 7, 557-579

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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