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Pelagornis ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39666	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39666

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelagornithidae : Pelagornis

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
family	Pelagornithidae	Fürbringer 1888
genus	Pelagornis	Lartet 1857

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Sulidae	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Sulides	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	stated with evidence	Wetmore, 1960
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	stated without evidence	Harrison and Walker, 1976
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	stated without evidence	Cheneval, 1993
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Odontopterygiformes	stated without evidence	Bourdon, 2005
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	stated without evidence	Chavez et al., 2007
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	implied	Ksepka, 2014
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	stated with evidence	Cenizo et al., 2016
Pelagornis	genus	belongs to Pelagornithidae	stated without evidence	Hastings and Dooley, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

41.3 - 38.0 Ma
Eocene

Last Recorded Appearance

3.60 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

marine (based on Pelagornithidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pelagornis chilensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	13.8 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Pelagornis longirostris ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Pelagornis mauretanicus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Pelagornis miocaenus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	20.4 Ma Miocene	12.7 Ma Miocene
Pelagornis sandersi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Pelagornis stirtoni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Tympanonesiotes wetmorei ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1857	Pelagornis Lartet
1890	Pelagornis Zittel p. 842
1916	Palaeochenoides Shufeldt
1928	Palaeochenoides Wemore p. 4
1933	Palaeochenoides Lambrecht p. 281
1933	Pelagornis Lambrecht p. 281
1940	Palaeochenoides Wetmore p. 11
1960	Palaeochenoides Wetmore p. 24
1960	Pelagornis Wetmore p. 24
1964	Palaeochenoides Hopson p. 8
1964	Tympanonesiotes Hopson p. 8
1967	Tympanonesiotes Brodkorb p. 108
1972	Palaeochenoides Howard p. 5
1976	Neodontornis Harrison and Walker p. 22

Year	Name and Author
1976	Pelagornis Harrison and Walker p. 29
1988	Palaeochenoides Carroll
1988	Pelagornis Carroll
1988	Tympanonesiotes Carroll
1993	Pelagornis Cheneval p. 90
2001	Pelagornis Olson and Rasmussen p. 260
2005	Pelagornis Bourdon p. 587
2007	Pelagornis Chavez et al. p. 179
2008	Pelagornis Mayr et al. p. 764
2008	Pelagornis Mourer-Chauvire and Geraads p. 174
2010	Pelagornis Mayr and Rubilar-Rogers p. 1314
2014	Pelagornis Ksepka
2016	Pelagornis Cenizo et al. p. 10 figs. Figure 7
2017	Pelagornis Hastings and Dooley p. 83

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Wetmore A. (1960) A classification for the birds of the world, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 11, 1-37

Hopson J. A. (1964) Pseudodontornis and other large marine birds form the Miocene of South Carolina, Postilla 83, 1-19

Brodkorb P. (1967) Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 3 (Ralliformes, Ichthyornithiformes, Charadriiformes), Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 11 3, 99-220

Howard H. (1972) Type specimens of avian fossils in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 1-27

Harrison J. O., Walker C. A. (1976) A review of the bony-toothed birds (Odontopterygiformes): With descriptions of some new species, Tertiary Research Special Paper 2, 1-62

Cheneval J. (1993) L'avifaune Mio-Pliocene de la Formation Pisco (Perou) etude prliminaire, Document Labratorie Geologique Lyon 125, 85-95

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Chavez M., Stucchi M., et al (2007) El registro de Pelagornithidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) y la avifauna neogena del Pacifico sudeste, Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 36 2, 175-197

Mayr G., Hazevoet C. J., et al (2008) A sternum of a very large bony-toothed bird (Pelagornithidae) from the Miocene of Portugal, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 3, 762-769

Mourer-Chauvire C., Geraads D. (2008) The Struthionidae and Pelagornithidae (Aves: Struthioniformes, Odontopterygiformes) from the late Pliocene of Ahl Al Oughlam, Morocco, Oryctos 7, 169-194

Mayr G., Rubilar-Rogers D. (2010) Osteology of a new giant bony-toothed bird from the Miocene of Chile, with a revision of the taxonomy of Neogene Pelagornithidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 5, 1313-1330

Ksepka D. T. (2014) Flight performance of the largest volant bird, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences doi:10.1073/pnas.1320297111

Cenizo M., Acosta Hospitaleche C., et al (2016) Diversity of pseudo-toothed birds (Pelagornithidae) from the Eocene of Antarctica, Journal of Paleontology doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.48

Hastings A. K., Dooley A. C. (2017) Fossil-collecting from the middle Miocene Carmel Church Quarry marine ecosystem in Caroline County, Virginia, The Geological Society of America Field Guide 47, 77-88 doi:10.1130/2017.0047(03)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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