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Spinosauridae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38595	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38595

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Spinosauridae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
-	Orionides	Carrano et al. 2012
superfamily	Megalosauroidea
family	Spinosauridae	Stromer 1915

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Stromer, 1915
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Megalosauria	stated without evidence	Nopcsa, 1923
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated with evidence	Lull, 1924
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated without evidence	Huene, 1926
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Stromer, 1934
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated without evidence	Roxo, 1937
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Deinodontoidea	stated with evidence	Tatarinov, 1964
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Tyrannosauroidea	stated without evidence	Walker, 1964
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	implied	Romer, 1966
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Tyrannosauroidea	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1966
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Megalosauroidea	stated with evidence	Maleev, 1968
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated without evidence	Colbert and Russell, 1969
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated with evidence	Bonaparte, 1978
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1980
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Barsbold, 1983
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Ceratosauria	stated without evidence	Paul, 1988
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	implied	Carroll, 1988
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Carnosauria	stated without evidence	Kurzanov, 1989
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Molnar, 1992
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Torvosauroidea	stated with evidence	Sereno et al., 1994
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Sereno et al., 1996
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Tetanurae	stated without evidence	Holtz, 1996
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Milner, 1997
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Tetanurae	stated without evidence	Sereno, 1997
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Sereno, 1998
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Tetanurae	stated with evidence	Holtz, 2000
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Sues et al., 2002
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Holtz et al., 2004
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated without evidence	Dal Sasso et al., 2005
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Spinosauroidea	stated with evidence	Sadleir et al., 2008
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Megalosauria	stated with evidence	Carrano et al., 2012
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Tetanurae	stated without evidence	Allain et al., 2012
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Megalosauroidea	stated without evidence	Hanson and Makovicky, 2013
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Megalosauroidea	stated with evidence	Hendrickx and Mateus, 2014
Spinosauridae	family	belongs to Theropoda	stated without evidence	Tong et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

170 - 166 Ma
Middle Jurassic

Last Recorded Appearance

83.5 - 70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Theropoda)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. Stromer. 1915. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen., nov. spec. Abhandlungen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse Abhandlung 28(3):1-31

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Baryonychinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	30	145 Ma Late Jurassic	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Spinosaurinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)	5	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Baryonyx ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	9	145 Ma Late Jurassic	129 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Irritator ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ostafrikasaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	152 Ma Late Jurassic	152 Ma Late Jurassic
Spinosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	33	145 Ma Late Jurassic	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Suchomimus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1915	Spinosauridae Stromer p. 28
1923	Spinosauridae Nopcsa p. 126
1924	Spinosauridae Lull p. 231
1926	Spinosauridae Huene p. 89
1927	Spinosauridae Huene p. 266
1934	Spinosauridae Stromer p. 23
1937	Spinosauridae Roxo p. 65
1946	Spinosauridae Kuhn p. 65
1948	Spinosauridae Huene p. 90
1964	Spinosauridae Tatarinov p. 538
1964	Spinosauridae Walker p. 128
1966	Spinosauridae Kuhn p. 96
1966	Spinosauridae Romer p. 369
1968	Spinosauridae Maleev p. 95
1969	Spinosauridae Colbert and Russell p. 45
1970	Spinosauridae Steel p. 38
1975	Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis Hou et al. pp. 13-14 fig. 3
1978	Spinosauridae Bonaparte p. 323
1980	Spinosauridae Bonaparte p. 82
1983	Spinosauridae Barsbold p. 60
1986	Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Ingavat p. 217 fig. 1
1986	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut and Ingavat p. 217 fig. 1
1988	Spinosauridae Carroll
1988	Spinosauridae Paul p. 271
1989	Spinosauridae Kurzanov p. 3
1992	Spinosauridae Molnar p. 266
1993	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 55
1994	Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 268 fig. 3
1995	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 159
1995	Siamosaurus suteethorni Nessov p. 44
1996	Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. p. 42A
1996	Irritatoridae Martill et al.
1996	Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 989 fig. 4
1997	Siamosaurus suteehorni Buffetaut p. 690
1997	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 183
1997	Spinosauridae Milner p. 699
1997	Spinosauridae Sereno p. 456

Year	Name and Author
1998	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut p. 92
1998	Spinosauridae Sereno p. 64
1998	Spinosauridae Sereno et al. p. 1302
1999	Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Suteethorn
1999	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut and Suteethorn p. 17
1999	Spinosauridae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5
2002	Spinosauridae Sues et al. p. 537
2003	Siamosaurus Hasegawa et al. p. 2
2003	Siamosaurus suteethorni Hasegawa et al. p. 2
2004	Spinosauridae Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 72
2005	Spinosauridae Dal Sasso et al. p. 888
2005	Spinosauridae Yates p. 118 fig. 9
2006	Spinosauridae Medeiros p. 335
2007	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut
2007	Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 342
2007	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 342
2007	Siamosaurus suteethorni Lauprasert et al. p. 202
2007	Spinosauridae Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 189
2008	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut et al. p. 745
2008	Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 747
2008	Siamosaurus suteethorni Canudo et al. p. 660
2008	Spinosauridae Sadleir et al. p. 70
2009	Siamosaurus Buffetaut et al. p. 230
2010	Siamosaurus Buffetaut p. 185
2010	Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut p. 185
2012	Spinosauridae Allain et al. p. 370
2012	Spinosauridae Carrano et al. p. 248 fig. 7
2013	Spinosauridae Hanson and Makovicky p. 781
2014	Spinosauridae Hendrickx and Mateus
2014	Siamosaurus Mo et al. p. 6
2014	Siamosaurus Mo et al. p. 1057
2014	Siamosaurus suteethorni Mo et al. p. 1057
2016	Spinosauridae Rauhut et al. p. 38
2019	Siamosaurus Samathi et al. p. 241
2019	Siamosaurus suteethorni Samathi et al. p. 241
2019	Spinosauridae Tong et al.

References

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Nopcsa B. F. (1923) Die Familien der Reptilien [The families of reptiles], Forschritte der Geologie und Palaeontologie. Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 2, 1-210

Huene F. v. (1926) The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe, Revista del Museo de La Plata 29, 35-167

Huene F. v. (1927) Contribución a la paleogeografía de Sud América [Contribution to the paleogeography of South America], Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la República Argentina 30, 231-294

Stromer E. (1934) Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 13. Dinosauria [Results of the expeditions of Professor E. Stromer in the Egyptian deserts. II. Vertebrate animal remains from the Baharîje bed (lowest Cenomanian). 13. Dinosauria], Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, Neue Folge 22, 1-79

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Tatarinov L. P. (1964) Nadotryad Dinosauria. Dinozavry [Superorder Dinosauria. Dinosaurs], Osnovy Paleontologii [Fundamentals of Paleontology] 12, 523-589

Walker A. D. (1964) Triassic reptiles from the Elgin area: Ornithosuchus and the origin of carnosaurs, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences 248, 53-134

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Romer A. S. (1966) , Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edition, 1-468

Maleev E. A. (1968) K sistematike karnozavrov [On the systematics of carnosaurs], Verkhnepaleozoiskie i Mezozoiskie Zemnovodnye i Presmykaiushchiesia SSSR [Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR], 92-96

Colbert E. H., Russell D. A. (1969) The small Cretaceous dinosaur Dromaeosaurus, American Museum Novitates 2380, 1-49

Steel R. (1970) Part 14. Saurischia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1-87

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Rauhut O. W. M., Hübner T. R., et al (2016) A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic, Palaeontologia electronica 19 2, 2A:1-65

Samathi A., Chanthasit P., et al (2019) Two new basal coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation of Thailand, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 2, 239-260 doi:10.4202/app.00540.2018

Tong H., Buffetaut E., et al (2019) Phu Din Daeng, a new Early Cretaceous vertebrate locality on the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand, Annales de Paléontologie, 1-15 doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2019.04.004

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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