Quick Links : Mindat手册 The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Mindat Newsletter [Free Download]

主页关于 Mindat Mindat手册 Mindat的历史版权 Who We Are 联系我们于 Mindat.org刊登广告

捐赠给 Mindat Corporate Sponsorship 赞助板页已赞助的板页在 Mindat刊登广告的广告商于 Mindat.org刊登广告

Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

搜索矿物的性质搜索矿物的化学 Advanced Locality Search 随意显示任何一种矿物 Random Locality 使用minID搜索邻近产地 Search Articles 搜索词汇表更多搜索选项

Mindat手册添加新照片 Rate Photos 产区编辑报告 Coordinate Completion Report 添加词汇表项目

Mining Companies 统计会员列表 Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations 矿物展及活动 The Mindat目录表设备设置 The Mineral Quiz

照片搜索 Photo Galleries Search by Color 今天最新的照片昨天最新的照片用户照片相集过去每日精选照片相集 Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Phoebodus ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	34507	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=34507

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Phoebodontiformes : Phoebodontidae : Phoebodus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
order	Phoebodontiformes	Ginter et al. 2002
family	Phoebodontidae	Williams 1985
genus	Phoebodus	St. John and Worthen 1875

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Cladodontidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Pleuracanthidae	stated with evidence	Eastman, 1903
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Cladodontidae	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Phoebodontidae	stated with evidence	Zangerl, 1981
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Ctenacanthida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Hybodontoidea	implied	Irmis, 2005
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Phoebodontidae	stated without evidence	Ginter et al., 2008
Phoebodus	genus	belongs to Phoebodontidae	stated with evidence	Ginter et al., 2010

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

388 - 383 Ma
Devonian

Last Recorded Appearance

228 - 209 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Chondrichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Chondrichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phoebodus bifurcatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Phoebodus densneptuni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	354 Ma Carboniferous	354 Ma Carboniferous
Phoebodus fastigatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Phoebodus knightianus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	307 Ma Carboniferous	290 Ma Permian
Phoebodus latus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	384 Ma Middle Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Phoebodus macisaacsii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Phoebodus politus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Phoebodus sophiae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	388 Ma Middle Devonian	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Phoebodus springeri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1875	Phoebodus St. John and Worthen
1902	Phoebodus Hay p. 270
1903	Phoebodus Eastman p. 195
1963	Phoebodus Jordan p. 592
1981	Phoebodus Zangerl p. 54
1985	Phoebodus Williams p. 124

Year	Name and Author
1999	Phoebodus Ivanov p. 271
2002	Phoebodus Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Phoebodus Irmis p. 65
2008	Phoebodus Ginter et al. p. 167
2008	Phoebodus Hairapetian et al. p. 177
2010	Phoebodus Ginter et al. p. 35

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Eastman C. R. (1903) Carboniferous fishes from the central western States, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 39, 163-226

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Zangerl R. (1981) Chondrichthyes I: Paleozoic Elasmobranchii, Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3a

Williams M. E. (1985) The "Cladodont level" sharks of the Pennsylvanian black shales of central North America, Palaeontographica Abteilung A 190, 83-158

Ivanov A. (1999) Late Devonian - Early Permian chondrichthyans of the Russian Arctic, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 3, 267-285

Irmis R. B. (2005) The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in northern Arizona, In S. J. Nesbitt, W. G. Parker, & R. B. Irmis (eds.), Guidebook to the Triassic Formations of the Colorado Plateau in Northern Arizona: Geology, Paleontology, and History. Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletin 9, 63-88

Ginter M., Liao J.-C., et al (2008) New data on chondrichthyan microremains from the Givetian of the Renanue section in the Aragonian Pyrenees (Spain), Acta Geologica Polonica 58 2, 165-172

Hairapetian V., Ginter M., et al (2008) Early Frasnian sharks from central Iran, Acta Geologica Polonica 58 2, 173-179

Ginter M., Hampe O., et al (2010) Chondrichthyes, Paleozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth, Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3D, 1-168

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Synonymy List References

Go to top of page